Investigation of highly unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer

Mohd-Yusof, Nurul Yuziana; Monroig, Óscar; Mohd-Adnan, Adura; Wan, Kiew Lian; Tocher, Douglas R.

doi:10.1007/s10695-010-9409-4

Cited by 85 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Baboon hepatic Δ6 desaturase expressed in yeast also has Δ8 desaturase activity, although it was 23-fold and 7-fold lower than Δ6 desaturase activity for n-3 and n-6 substrates, respectively (Park et al 2009). Apart from the present barramundi enzyme, which we observed to have Δ8 desaturase activity with n-3 and n-6 substrates, none of the reported fish Δ6 desaturases have been examined for Δ8 desaturase activity (Hastings et al 2001;Hastings et al 2004;Mohd-Yusof et al 2010;Tocher et al 2006;Zheng et al 2004;Zheng et al 2005) until recently, Monroig and others (Monroig et al 2011) re-examined several Δ6 desaturases in freshwater, diadromous and marine fish species for Δ8 desaturase activity and they suggested that the Δ8 is also a characteristic of various fish. In this present study, the Δ8 desaturase activity of the barramundi Δ6/Δ8 dual functional enzyme was 3.9-fold higher than the Δ6 desaturase activity with ALA but 2.8-fold lower than LA substrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…This desaturase activity is substantially higher than the activity that we have reported here. However, direct comparisons with the other barramundi enzyme are difficult when fatty acid substrate concentrations were not stated, only conversion values and no mass data were reported, and the incubations were for 3 days (Mohd-Yusof et al 2010;Zheng et al 2009). If the differences in enzyme activities are real, they may be due to the 6 amino acid difference among the full ORF between the two genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) desaturase with Δ6/Δ8 dual activities

Cook-Johnson

James

et al. 2012

Biotechnol Lett

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Barramundi is a commercially farmed fish in Australia. To examine the potential for barramundi to metabolise dietary -linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n-3), the existence of barramundi desaturase enzymes was examined. A putative fatty acid Δ6 desaturase was cloned from barramundi liver and expressed in yeast. Functional expression revealed Δ6 desaturase activity with both the 18 carbon (C18) and C24 n-3 fatty acids, ALA and 24:5 n-3 as well as the C18 n-6 fatty, linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6).Metabolism of ALA was favoured over LA. The enzyme also had Δ8 desaturase activity which raises the potential for synthesis in barramundi of omega-3 (n-3) long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from ALA via a pathway that bypasses the initial Δ6 desaturase step. Findings from this study not only provide molecular evidence for the fatty acid desaturation pathway in the barramundi and also highlight the importance of taking extracellular fatty acid levels into account when assessing enzyme activity expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) desaturase with Δ6/Δ8 dual activities

Cook-Johnson

James

et al. 2012

Biotechnol Lett

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“…Research investigating the Fad and Elovl gene families that desaturate and elongate LC‐PUFAs has largely been restricted to bilaterian taxa (Carmona‐Antoñanzas et al., 2011; Castro et al., 2012; Fonseca‐Madrigal et al., 2014; Kabeya et al., 2017; Li et al., 2017; Li et al., 2010; Mohd‐Yusof et al., 2010; Monroig, Guinot, et al., 2012; Monroig, Navarro, et al., 2012; Monroig, Webb, et al., 2011; Monroig et al., 2010, 2016, 2017, 2013; Morais et al., 2009; Surm et al., 2015). We have investigated the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of the Fad and Elovl gene families in phylum Cnidaria, to provide insights into evolution and the distribution of these gene families in Metazoa outside of bilaterian taxa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of Fad and Elovl gene families in Actiniaria

Surm

Toledo

Prentis

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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The biosynthesis of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs, ≥ C20) is reliant on the action of desaturase and elongase enzymes, which are encoded by the fatty acyl desaturase (Fad) and elongation of very long‐chain fatty acid (Elovl) gene families, respectively. In Metazoa, research investigating the distribution and evolution of these gene families has been restricted largely to Bilateria. Here, we provide insights into the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of the Fad and Elovl gene families in Cnidaria, the sister phylum to Bilateria. Four model cnidarian genomes and six actiniarian transcriptomes were interrogated. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of a candidate cnidarian species, Actinia tenebrosa, was performed to determine the baseline profile of this species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed lineage‐specific gene duplication in actiniarians for both the Fad and Elovl gene families. Two distinct cnidarian Fad clades clustered with functionally characterized Δ5 and Δ6 proteins from fungal and plant species, respectively. Alternatively, only a single cnidarian Elovl clade clustered with functionally characterized Elovl proteins (Elovl4), while two additional clades were identified, one actiniarian‐specific (Novel ElovlA) and the another cnidarian‐specific (Novel ElovlB). In actiniarians, selection analyses revealed pervasive purifying selection acting on both gene families. However, codons in the Elovl gene family show patterns of nucleotide variation consistent with the action of episodic diversifying selection following gene duplication events. Significantly, these codons may encode amino acid residues that are functionally important for Elovl proteins to target and elongate different precursor fatty acids. In A. tenebrosa, the fatty acid analysis revealed an absence of LC‐PUFAs > C20 molecules and implies that the Elovl enzymes are not actively contributing to the elongation of these LC‐PUFAs. Overall, this study has revealed that actiniarians possess Fad and Elovl genes required for the biosynthesis of some LC‐PUFAs, and that these genes appear to be distinct from bilaterians.

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“…Similar tissue distribution patterns were observed in freshwater/salmonid species, including Atlantic salmon ( 14,18 ) and zebrafi sh ( 17 ), in which liver and intestine exhibited the highest expression signals of fads2 and elovl2 and elovl5 elongase genes. Marine fi sh species, including Asian sea bass, Atlantic cod, and cobia, had the highest expression levels of LC-PUFA biosynthesis genes in brain ( 15,19,21 ). The relatively low ⌬ 6/ ⌬ 8 ratio of Fads2b, which was typical of marine species on one hand, and the higher expression of desaturase/elongase mRNA in liver, which was typical of freshwater species on the other, probably refl ected the three groups, including A. regius , T. thynnus , L. calcarifer , D. labrax , S. aurata , R. canadum (Percomorpharia), Psetta maxima (Carangimorphariae), and Oreochromis niloticus (Ovalentariae), have Fads2 enzymes functionally characterized as ⌬ 6 desaturases ( 11,16,19,21,26,27,29,30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mammalian FADS1 encodes a desaturase with ⌬ 5 activity, whereas FADS2 encodes a ⌬ 6 desaturase ( 35 ). Consistently, the majority of teleostei Fads2s are typically ⌬ 6 desaturases ( 11,15,16,21,22,26,27,30 ). Additionally, however, some teleost Fads2s have been functionally characterized as ⌬ 5 ( 13 ), ⌬ 4 ( 4, 5 ), and bifunctional ⌬ 6/ ⌬ 5 ( 4, 9 ) desaturases.…”

Section: Cloning Of Fatty Acyl Desaturases and Elongase From C Estormentioning

confidence: 98%

Diversification of substrate specificities in teleostei Fads2: characterization of Δ4 and Δ6Δ5 desaturases of Chirostoma estor

Fonseca-Madrigal

Navarro

Hontoria

et al. 2014

Journal of Lipid Research

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Biosynthesis of long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) in vertebrates involves sequential desaturation and elongation of C 18 PUFA, linoleic acid (LOA; 18:2n-6), and ␣ -linolenic acid (LNA; 18:3n-3) ( 1 ). Synthesis of arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6) and EPA (20:5n-3) from LOA and LNA, respectively, utilizes the same enzymes and pathways. The pre dominant pathway involves ⌬ 6 desaturation of LOA or LNA to 18:3n-6/18:4n-3 that are elongated to 20:3n-6/20:4n-3 followed by ⌬ 5 desaturation to ARA/EPA ( 1 ), but an alternative pathway with initial elongation of LOA or LNA followed by ⌬ 8 desaturation, an inherent ability of some ⌬ 6 desaturases, may be possible ( 2 ). Biosynthesis of DHA (22:6n-3) from EPA can also occur by two pathways. First, the so-called "Sprecher pathway" involves two sequential elongation steps from EPA to 24:5n-3 and a subsequent ⌬ 6 desaturation to 24:6n-3, followed by peroxisomal chain shortening ( 3 ). Second, a more direct pathway has been postulated in some marine fi sh that involves elongation of EPA to docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) followed by ⌬ 4 desaturation to DHA ( 4,5 ).Dietary PUFAs are essential in fi sh, although requirements vary with species ( 6, 7 ). Generally, C 18 PUFAs can satisfy essential FA requirements of freshwater and salmonid species, but most marine fi sh have a requirement for LC-PUFAs such as EPA and DHA ( 8 ). Differing essential FA requirements have been linked to differences in the complement of fatty acyl desaturase (Fads) and elongase of very longchain FA (Elovl) genes ( 9-31 ). Thus, the dependence of Abstract Currently existing data show that the capability for long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis in teleost fi sh is more diverse than in other vertebrates. Such diversity has been primarily linked to the subfunctionalization that teleostei fatty acyl desaturase (Fads)2 desaturases have undergone during evolution. We previously showed that Chirostoma estor , one of the few representatives of freshwater atherinopsids, had the ability for LC-PUFA biosynthesis from C 18 PUFA precursors, in agreement with this species having unusually high contents of DHA. The particular ancestry and pattern of LC-PUFA biosynthesis activity of C. estor make this species an excellent model for study to gain further insight into LC-PUFA biosynthetic abilities among teleosts. The present study aimed to characterize cDNA sequences encoding fatty acyl elongases and desaturases, key genes involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Results show that C. estor expresses an elongase of very long-chain FA (Elovl)5 elongase and two Fads2 desaturases displaying ⌬ 4 and ⌬ 6/ ⌬ 5 specifi cities, thus allowing us to conclude that these three genes cover all the enzymatic abilities required for LC-PUFA biosynthesis from C 18 PUFA. In addition, the specifi cities of the C. estor Fads2 enabled us to propose potential evolutionary patterns and mechanisms for subfunctionalization of Fads2 among fi sh lineages. -GA-2010-276916, LONGFA). Additional funding was obtained from CONACYT, Mexico (INSAM FOINS 102/201...

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Investigation of highly unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer

Cited by 85 publications

References 52 publications

Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) desaturase with Δ6/Δ8 dual activities

Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) desaturase with Δ6/Δ8 dual activities

Insights into the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of Fad and Elovl gene families in Actiniaria

Diversification of substrate specificities in teleostei Fads2: characterization of Δ4 and Δ6Δ5 desaturases of Chirostoma estor

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