Investigation of green-glued laminated timber from the Congo Basin: durability, mechanical strength and variability trends of the bondlines

Lissouck, René Oum; Mvondo, Rachel Raïssa Ngono; Ateba, François René; Pommier, Régis

doi:10.2989/20702620.2022.2045881

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This theory of the influence of the MC of hardwoods in the Congo Basin has been justified by several authors. 1,32 The values obtained for the tensile test are close to those obtained in the work of Mvondo et al 31 for Bilinga (Nauclea Diderrichii) and Iroko (Milicia excelsa) woods.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The EN 338 standard 64 has made it easier to decide which species could be considered substitutes for species heavily exploited in wood-processing units and dense forests in Central Africa. 67 Such approaches have been addressed by other authors such as Lissouck et al, 1 Nyobe et al, 13 Sout et al, 68 and Akter et al 69 who have characterised orthotropic materials for the design of structural elements made from engineered wood products. Cirad can envisage areas of use for these two woods in construction applications such as parquetry, staircases and joinery; for the furniture industry such as cabinet making, turning, and veneering; and for structural purposes.…”

Section: Classification Of the Properties Of Central African Woods In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most Central African countries, and particularly in Cameroon, timber is a strategic resource for industrialisation 1 with a variety of species and more than 150 2 that could individually provide annual production of between 2.97 M m 3 and more than 3 M m 3 of logs 3 . According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the forests of Central Africa cover an area of 200 million hectares, 3 making up the second-largest block of tropical forests on the planet 4 after the Amazon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical and mechanical properties of two tropical wood (Detarium macrocarpum and Piptadeniastrum africanum) and their potential as substitutes to traditionally used wood in Cameroon

Kana,

Biwolé,

Mejouyo Huisken

et al. 2024

International Wood Products Journal

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This study aimed to characterise two little-known woods and discuss their potential to replace those heavily exploited in Cameroon's forests. Amouk (Detarium macrocarpum) and Dabema (Piptadeniastrum africanum) were characterised for their physical and mechanical properties. Density, shrinkage, desorption kinetics, shear strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in compression and flexion were determined. A Weibull analysis was performed to predict their failure. It was found that Amouk and Dabéma can be classified as medium-heavy wood with low shrinkage and desorption, following Midilli's empirical model. The physical and mechanical characterisations show that the density, strength and MOE parameters of the woods are close to each other and enable them to be classified as medium-strength woods. The probability of failure in compression follows Weibull's law. These woods can, therefore, be used in structural applications such as construction, replacing common woods.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Classification Of the Properties Of Central African Woods In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physical and mechanical properties of two tropical wood (Detarium macrocarpum and Piptadeniastrum africanum) and their potential as substitutes to traditionally used wood in Cameroon

Kana,

Biwolé,

Mejouyo Huisken

et al. 2024

International Wood Products Journal

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“…Based on the micro-CT results, the glue line's thickness in conditioned lumber was twice that of dry timber. In the research of Lissouck et al [35], similar values of bond line thickness using a block of wood with similar density in a dry state were reported. The adhesion mechanism was probably significantly affected by moisture distribution and the drying process.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Feasibility of Bonding High-Moisture-Content Wood Using Nothofagus chilean Species

Rosales,

Rodríguez-Grau,

Galarce

et al. 2023

Forests

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Appraising and protecting forests requires a management plan and the creation of innovative products for the market. The development of the green gluing technique could add value to native timber. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the response and the productive process of Nothofagus species using this technique. This work investigated the viability of implementing the green gluing method using three types of Nothofagus. Wood pieces were made using a one-component polyurethane adhesive. Delamination, shear tests, morphological characterization, and bond line thickness analysis tested their capacity. The results showed a variable response depending on the Nothofagus type, where the surface treatment could improve the green gluing performance. The findings highlight the relevance of increasing knowledge about the essayed species and their preparation to maintain their natural moisture condition.

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“…), as well as densified low-density woods (batai, poplar, etc.) [2][3][4][5], preferentially using thermosetting glues such as polyurethane (PUR), resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF), phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF), melamine-formaldehyde (MF) or urea-melamineformaldehyde (UMF). In Europe, the Norway spruce is the most common wood species used for glulam [2,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Primary Spruce Lamella Aging on the Bending Characteristics of Glulam Beams

et al. 2022

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Glued laminated (glulam) beams are used in the roofs, ceilings and walls of buildings as well as in bridges and towers. At present, with the limitation of tree harvesting, the production of glulam beams from recycled wood sources is implemented with the proviso that their mechanical properties and resistance to pests, fire and weathering will not be aggravated. This work deals with the primary effect of aging Norway spruce wood (Picea abies Karst. L.) lamellas on the moduli of rupture (MOR) and elasticity (MOE) in bending of three-layer glulam beams composed of sound and aged lamellas and polyurethane (PUR) glue. Three methods of lamella aging were used: (A) natural, lasting 60 years in the form of roof trusses with a greater or lesser degree of bio-attack by woodworm (Anobium punctatum De Geer); (B) artificial, caused by increased temperatures from 160 to 220 °C for 4 h; (C) artificial, caused by 2% water solutions of inorganic preservatives, namely, CuSO4 x 5H2O, ZnCl2, H3BO3 or (NH4)2SO4, for 28 days. The lowest MOR values were determined for glulam beams in which all three lamellas or two surface lamellas had a greater degree of bio-attack (60.5 MPa, a decrease of 25.9%) or were exposed to primary aging at 220 °C (62.6 MPa, a decrease of 23.3%). On the contrary, the exposure of lamellas to 160 or 180 °C did not significantly influence the MOR of beams (76.0–82.7 MPa, an average decrease of 1.6%). The MOE of glulam beams ranged from 7540 to 10,432 MPa without an obvious influence of the method of lamella aging or their location in the beams. Linear correlations between the MOR or MOE of glulam beams and the shear strength (σ) of glued joints, if both composite types consisted of similarly aged lamellas, were only slightly significant or insignificant.

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Investigation of green-glued laminated timber from the Congo Basin: durability, mechanical strength and variability trends of the bondlines

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Physical and mechanical properties of two tropical wood (Detarium macrocarpum and Piptadeniastrum africanum) and their potential as substitutes to traditionally used wood in Cameroon

Physical and mechanical properties of two tropical wood (Detarium macrocarpum and Piptadeniastrum africanum) and their potential as substitutes to traditionally used wood in Cameroon

Feasibility of Bonding High-Moisture-Content Wood Using Nothofagus chilean Species

Effect of Primary Spruce Lamella Aging on the Bending Characteristics of Glulam Beams

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