Investigation of geomagnetic induced current at high latitude during the storm-time variation

Falayi, E.O.; Ogunmodimu, Olugbenga; Bolaji, O. S.; Ayanda, J.D.; Ojoniyi, Olurotimi S.

doi:10.1016/j.nrjag.2017.04.010

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Also, it fits within the range, 1-10 hr, detected in the Alfvén waves (Smith et al, 1995), which are the key feature of HSSs originating from the coronal holes. During all events considered, GIC spectrum shows number of significant peaks in 95% confidence level but not as intense as that presented by Falayi et al (2017) in case of typical geomagnetic storm events.…”

Section: 1029/2018sw001879mentioning

confidence: 63%

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HILDCAA‐Related GIC and Possible Corrosion Hazard in Underground Pipelines: A Comparison Based on Wavelet Transform

et al. 2019

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High‐intensity long‐duration continuous auroral electrojet activities (HILDCAAs) are recognized as the continuous (duration >2 days) auroral electrojet activities (AE > 1,000 nT) caused by interplanetary Alfvén waves driving magnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause. This paper focuses on the study of geoeffectiveness of HILDCAA on the basis of associated geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) and pipe‐to‐soil voltage (PSV) observed in an underground pipeline at Finnish Natural Gas Station, Mäntsälä. In this study, 113 HILDCAAs with different interplanetary sources (72 corotating interaction region‐storm preceded, 29 interplanetary coronal mass ejection‐storm preceded, and 12 nonstorm) have been selected and their possible contributions in underground pipeline corrosion have been quantitatively compared by assessing GIC/PSV profiles for each of these events. In addition, the spectral characteristics of GIC during these events have been studied using continuous wavelet transforms. The Morlet wavelet has been applied to 10‐s modeled GIC data corresponding to each event to explore the main band structures and the periodicities found in GIC spectrum. GIC/PSV modeling is based on plane wave method and distributed source transmission line analogy between pipelines and electric circuits. HILDCAAs are found to drive a small‐amplitude, but continuous, fluctuation in GIC throughout the event duration of several days. This makes the cumulative effect of HILDCAAs in pipeline corrosion noteworthy. The spectral analysis shows that GIC possesses both short‐term, as well as continuous, power distribution with different periodicities. CIR‐preceded HILDCAAs are found to be more geoeffective while taking associated GIC and PSV into account. Possible physical explanations supporting the results have been presented.

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Section: 1029/2018sw001879mentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Kataoka & Pulkkinen, ; Pulkkinen & Kataoka, ) and also by CWT (e.g. Adhikari et al, ; Falayi et al, ). So, this is also an effort to compare HILDCAA‐related peculiarities with those results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HILDCAA‐Related GIC and Possible Corrosion Hazard in Underground Pipelines: A Comparison Based on Wavelet Transform

et al. 2019

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“…This definition (which was also adopted by Wintoft et al, 2015Wintoft et al, , 2016Falayi et al, 2017;Ngwira et al, 2018;Kozyreva et al, 2018 and others)…”

Section: Magnetogramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global climatological model of extreme geomagnetic field fluctuations

Rogers

Wild

Eastoe

et al. 2020

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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This paper presents a multi-parameter global statistical model of extreme horizontal geomagnetic field fluctuations (dBH/dt), which are a useful input to models assessing the risk of geomagnetically induced currents in ground infrastructure. Generalised Pareto (GP) distributions were fitted to 1-min measurements of |dBH/dt| from 125 magnetometers (with an average of 28 years of data per site) and return levels (RL) predicted for return periods (RP) between 5 and 500 years. Analytical functions characterise the profiles of maximum-likelihood GP model parameters and the derived RLs as a function of corrected geomagnetic latitude, λ. A sharp peak in both the GP shape parameter and the RLs is observed at |λ| = 53° in both hemispheres, indicating a sharp equatorward limit of the auroral electrojet region. RLs also increase strongly in the dayside region poleward of the polar cusp (|λ| > 75°) for RPs > 100 years. We describe how the GP model may be further refined by modelling the probability of occurrences of |dBH/dt| exceeding the 99.97th percentile as a function of month, magnetic local time, and the direction of the field fluctuation, dBH, and demonstrate that these patterns of occurrence align closely to known patterns of auroral substorm onsets, ULF Pc5 wave activity, and (storm) sudden commencement impacts. Changes in the occurrence probability profiles with the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation reveal further details of the nature of the ionospheric currents driving extreme |dBH/dt| fluctuations, such as the changing location of the polar cusp and seasonal variations explained by the Russell-McPherron effect.

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“…Activities on the Sun, such as solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and prominences, cause strong space weather and solar storms or geomagnetic disturbances (GMD) [1][2][3][4]. When these storms, or CMEs, strike the Earth, the magnetic field of the Earth, which provides natural protection against the fast-moving plasma, is compressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Geomagnetically Induced Current Effects on Electrical Power System: Principles and Theory

et al. 2020

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Geomagnetically induced current (GIC) has been a significant concern for the electrical power grid in high latitudes for decades. Its origin starts in the Sun; during extreme space weather, the magnetic field of the Earth varies rapidly. This variation induces electric fields at the Earth's surface and leads to GICs in manmade technologies. Power systems are the most affected by this induced current, which causes halfcycle saturation of power transformers and other issues. Understanding the behaviours and chain effects of this phenomenon is the key consideration in modelling the hazards to technological systems from space weather. In this paper, a comprehensive review of space weather, geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) and GICs and their impacts on the power systems in both high and mid-low latitude regions is presented. Additionally, we highlight the most commonly used methods to model and calculate geoelectric fields at the Earth's surface and GIC in the power systems with respect to DC and AC analysis. In addition, we have classified the GIC effects on the different power system components. Moreover, the possible solutions and mitigation techniques to eliminate or reduce these effects based on different GIC blocking devices are reviewed in this work. This work provides researchers and power system operators a shortcut road path to understanding GIC phenomena, modelling and calculations, effects, and mitigation of these effects.

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Investigation of geomagnetic induced current at high latitude during the storm-time variation

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

HILDCAA‐Related GIC and Possible Corrosion Hazard in Underground Pipelines: A Comparison Based on Wavelet Transform

HILDCAA‐Related GIC and Possible Corrosion Hazard in Underground Pipelines: A Comparison Based on Wavelet Transform

A global climatological model of extreme geomagnetic field fluctuations

A Review of Geomagnetically Induced Current Effects on Electrical Power System: Principles and Theory

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