Investigation of flow and material induced hemolysis with a Couette type high shear system

Klaus, Sebastian; Paul, Reinhard; Reul, H.; Mottaghy, K.; Glasmacher, Birgit

doi:10.1002/1521-4052(200112)32:12<922::aid-mawe922>3.0.co;2-h

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The results of this study compared well with results of the previously mentioned studies because blood from the same species and a similar flow‐through Couette system were used . The comparison is displayed in Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

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Hemolysis in a Laminar Flow-Through Couette Shearing Device: An Experimental Study

et al. 2014

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Reducing hemolysis has been one of the major goals of rotary blood pump development and in the investigational phase, the capability of hemolysis estimation for areas of elevated shear stresses is valuable. The degree of hemolysis is determined by the amplitude of shear stress and the exposure time, but to date, the exact hemolytic behavior at elevated shear stresses and potential thresholds for subcritical shear exposure remain vague. This study provides experimental hemolysis data for a set of shear stresses and exposure times to allow better estimations of hemolysis for blood exposed to elevated shearing. Heparinized porcine blood with a hematocrit of 40% was mechanically damaged in a flow-through laminar Couette shear flow at a temperature of 23°C. Four levels of shear stress, 24, 592, 702, and 842 Pa, were replicated at two exposure times, 54 and 873 ms. For the calculation of the shear stresses, an apparent viscosity of 5 mPas was used, which was verified in an additional measurement of the blood viscosity. The hemolysis measurements were repeated four times, whereby all conditions were measured once within the same day and with blood from the same source. Samples were taken at the inlet and outlet of the shear region and an increase in plasma-free hemoglobin was measured. An index of hemolysis (IH) was thereby calculated giving the ratio of free to total hemoglobin. The results are compared with data from previously published studies using a similar shearing device. Hemolysis was found to increase exponentially with shear stress, but high standard deviations existed at measurements with elevated IH. At short exposure times, the IH remained low at under 0.5% for all shear stress levels. For high exposure times, the IH increased from 0.84% at 592 Pa up to 3.57% at the highest shear stress level. Hemolysis was significant for shear stresses above ∼600 Pa at the high exposure time of 873 ms.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The differences in hemolysis found in this study compared with previous work could potentially lie in the fact that the previously calculated shear stresses are based on an apparent viscosity of 3.6 mPas . However, as described above, the viscosity of porcine blood diluted with NaCl to a Hct of 40% is approximately 5 mPas at 23°C.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Hemolysis in a Laminar Flow-Through Couette Shearing Device: An Experimental Study

et al. 2014

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“…It is based on the analysis of the highest peak at 415 nm. The index of hemolysis (IH) was defined as the ratio of free hemoglobin in plasma (PHb) to the total hemoglobin in whole blood (THb) depending on the hematocrit (HCT) of the blood:

I H ([]|, %) = \frac{(|, 1 - \frac{H T C}{100}) \times P H b}{T H b} \times 100

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel blood incubation system for the in‐vitro assessment of interactions between platelets and biomaterial surfaces under dynamic flow conditions: The Hemocoater

Boudot

Boccoz

Düregger

et al. 2016

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Hemocompatibility evaluation of biomaterials necessitates the use of blood incubation systems which simulate physiological flow conditions. However, most of the current systems have various limitations, especially restricted material variability, poor access to the test surface or damage of blood cells due to the use of a pump. In this paper, we combined the advantages of existent setups and developed a new planar shaped incubation test bench to lift those restrictions and mimic the pulsatile in-vivo situation. The adjustable flow conditions at the tested material surface were defined and corresponded to those in blood vessels. Platelet/material-interaction, as major aspect of hemocompatibility, was investigated for four common polymeric materials (polyoxymethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene and silicone elastomer) with platelet deprivation and platelet adhesion tests. Highly significant differences in the adhesion of platelets onto the tested material surfaces were measured. The number of adhered platelets on the most hydrophobic sample (silicone elastomer) was four-times higher than on the most hydrophilic sample (polyoxymethylene). These findings were confirmed with a scanning microscopic analysis and demonstrated the suitability of the testing device for the evaluation of platelet/material interactions. Moreover, hemolysis measurements demonstrated that the system did not provoke blood damage. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2430-2440, 2016.

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“…Evaluation of blood damage caused by medical devices is important and is closely related to the safety and efficacy of medical devices for clinical use. Accordingly, numerous attempts have been made to determine practical guidelines for characterizing blood damage caused by nonphysiologic fluid dynamics (1–9), and to apply these models to mathematically predict blood damage in specific devices (10,11). Despite these efforts, a universal model for hemolysis has not yet appeared, necessitating continued reliance upon empirical evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, numerous attempts have been made to determine practical guidelines for characterizing blood damage caused by nonphysiologic fluid doi:10.1111/j. 1525-1594.2009.00754.x dynamics (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9), and to apply these models to mathematically predict blood damage in specific devices (10,11). Despite these efforts, a universal model for hemolysis has not yet appeared, necessitating continued reliance upon empirical evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Study of Blade Tip Clearance, Flow Rate, and Impeller Speed on Blood Damage in Rotary Blood Pump

et al. 2009

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Phenomenological studies on mechanical hemolysis in rotary blood pumps have provided empirical relationships that predict hemoglobin release as an exponential function of shear rate and time. However, these relations are not universally valid in all flow circumstances, particularly in small gap clearances. The experiments in this study were conducted at multiple operating points based on flow rate, impeller speed, and tip gap clearance. Fresh bovine red blood cells were resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline at about 30% hematocrit, and circulated for 30 min in a centrifugal blood pump with a variable tip gap, designed specifically for these studies. Blood damage indices were found to increase with increased impeller speed or decreased flow rate. The hemolysis index for 50-microm tip gap was found to be less than 200-microm gap, despite increased shear rate. This is explained by a cell screening effect that prevents cells from entering the smaller gap. It is suggested that these parameters should be reflected in the hemolysis model not only for the design, but for the practical use of rotary blood pumps, and that further investigation is needed to explore other possible factors contributing to hemolysis.

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Investigation of flow and material induced hemolysis with a Couette type high shear system

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Hemolysis in a Laminar Flow-Through Couette Shearing Device: An Experimental Study

Hemolysis in a Laminar Flow-Through Couette Shearing Device: An Experimental Study

A novel blood incubation system for the in‐vitro assessment of interactions between platelets and biomaterial surfaces under dynamic flow conditions: The Hemocoater

Parametric Study of Blade Tip Clearance, Flow Rate, and Impeller Speed on Blood Damage in Rotary Blood Pump

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