Investigation of fire behavior of rigid polyurethane foams containing fly ash and intumescent flame retardant by using a cone calorimeter

Abstract

Cone calorimeter is one of the most useful bench-scale equipment which can simulate real-world fire conditions. Therefore, cone calorimeter tests have been the most important and widely used tests for research and development of fire behavior of polymeric materials. In this study, fire behavior of rigid polyurethane foams containing fly ash (up to 5 wt %) and intumescent flame retardant (up to 5 wt %) composed of ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol was investigated by using a cone calorimeter. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis of the additives and the foams were also carried out to explain the effects of fly ash and intumescent flame retardant on fire behavior of the foams. Experimental results indicated that rigid polyurethane foam containing fly ash and the intumescent flame retardant in comparison with pure rigid polyurethane foam shows significantly enhanced fire resistance and thermal stability.

Fly Ash Pollutants, Treatment and Recycling

“…FA can be added directly to polyurethane foams to increase its fire resistance. Usta (2012) showed that FA significantly enhanced fire resistance and thermal stability of polyurethane foams due to the inert nature of FA with fire. A similar effect was found with polycarbonate (Soyama et al 2007).…”

Investigation into the effects of intumescent flame retardant addition on flame resistance and harmful emissions of rigid polyurethane foams

“…boyunca 100 °C'de tutularak nem uzaklaştırılmıştır. APP/PER oranı 2/1 olarak uygulanmıştır [6], [28]. Rijit poliüretan köpük üretiminde izosiyanat/poliol oranı tedarikçi firmadan alınan tavsiye doğrultusunda 1.18/1 oranında ayarlanmıştır.…”

“…NO emisyonunun düşük konsantrasyonlarda (~ 20 ppm) bile ciddi zararlara sebep olmasından dolayı yanma işlemlerinde mutlaka incelemeye alınması gerekli bir emisyon olarak değerlendirilmektedir [6], [37], [39], [40]. Poliüretan köpük malzemelerin içerisinde yer alan azot nedeniyle yanma veya bozunma esnasında HCN oluşabilmektedir [37].…”

Phenolic Foam Based the Influence of Intumescent Flame Retardancy System Ammonium Polyphosphate/Pentaerythritol/Melamine

“…"11.15" Shanghai jiaozhou road big fire [1] and On February 9, 2009, CCTV fire events [2] .All this fire incidents of external wall insulation finally put forward higher requirements [3][4][5].Polystyrene (PS) thermal insulation material is widely used as external wall insulation materials [6]. Burning PS will generate black smoke and molten drops and is toxic [7][8], which will cause great harms to life.…”