Investigation of febrile passengers detected by infrared thermal scanning at an international airport

McBride, William J. H.; Buikstra, Elizabeth; Fitzgerald, Mary

doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00466.x

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…One case was detected with an infrared thermoscanner and had an actual axillary body temperature of 39°C. Although there are reports that using infrared thermoscanners might be impractical due to the low detection rate of cases with fever [21], [22], it is a convenient, cost effective, and quick way to screen large groups of people for fever, with the ultimate purpose of identifying fever-related disease of public health significance [23], [24]. In this study, an individual with fever was in fact detected using the infrared thermoscanner although not declaring it on the health declaration form; therefore, it may prove efficient both to check the health declaration forms and use the infrared thermoscanner in order to detect symptomatic individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Border Control Measures and Community Containment Measures Used in Japan during the Early Stages of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009

et al. 2012

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BackgroundIn the early stages of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, border control measures were taken by quarantine stations to block the entry of infected individuals into Japan and community containment measures were implemented to prevent the spreading. The objectives of this study were to describe these measures and the characteristics of infected individuals, and to assess the measures' effectiveness.Methodology/Principal FindingsBorder control and community containment measures implemented from April to June (Period I: April 28–May 21, Period II: May 22–June 18) 2009 were described. Number of individuals identified and disease characteristics were analyzed. For entry screening, a health declaration form and an infrared thermoscanner were used to detect symptomatic passengers. Passengers indicated for the rapid influenza test underwent the test followed by RT-PCR. Patients positive for H1N1 were isolated, and close contacts were quarantined. Entry cards were handed out to all asymptomatic passengers informing them about how to contact a health center in case they developed symptoms. Nine individuals were identified by entry screening and 1 during quarantine to have Pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Health monitoring by health centers was performed in period I for passengers arriving from affected countries and in period II for those who had come into contact with the individuals identified by entry screening. Health monitoring identified 3 infected individuals among 129,546 in Period I and 5 among 746 in Period II. Enhanced surveillance, which included mandatory reporting of details of the infected individuals, identified 812 individuals, 141 (18%) of whom had a history of international travel. Twenty-four of these 141 passengers picked up by enhanced surveillance had been developing symptoms on entry and were missed at screening.Conclusion/SignificanceSymptomatic passengers were detected by the various entry screening measures put in place. Enhanced surveillance provided data for the improvement of public health measures in future pandemics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Border Control Measures and Community Containment Measures Used in Japan during the Early Stages of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009

et al. 2012

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“…Still, even identifying a few cases could be important to delay the spread of disease, especially at the beginning of a pandemic [39]. Also, a study in Canada found that costs for imaging equipment were much lower than personnel costs for manual screening [40].…”

Section: Thermal Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Informing patients on the risks of disease spread and the options for prevention can affect travel choices [28,39], increase compliance with measures [28] and promote care seeking behavior [22,40,44]. Travelers who already have symptoms may report these to crew members while traveling, and travelers who develop symptoms later on may be more likely to visit healthcare providers [26], which can prevent secondary transmission.…”

Section: Providing Information To Travelers and Authoritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness and applicability of infectious disease control measures in air travel: A review

Huizer

Swaan

Leitmeyer

et al. 2015

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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“…However, skin temperature (T SK ) varies widely, ranging from 10 to 42°C [2]. The factors that affect T SK include exposure to certain environmental conditions, such as extreme temperatures, humidity and solar radiation [3] for long periods performing exercise [4] and the presence of pathological conditions, such as fever [5] or cancer [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time required to stabilize thermographic images at rest

Marins¹,

Moreira²,

Cano³

et al. 2014

Infrared Physics & Technology

112

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h i g h l i g h t sStandardizing the acclimatization time is crucial for a right T SK assessment by IRT. Time for reaching T SK balance in rest is different for young men and women. 10 min is enough for acclimatization when the external temperatures are not extreme. a r t i c l e i n f oArticle history: Received 6 November 2012 Available online 3 March 2014Keywords: Thermoregulation Thermography Thermal imaging Temperature a b s t r a c t Thermography for scientific research and practical purposes requires a series of procedures to obtain images that should be standardized; one of the most important is the time required for acclimatization in the controlled environment. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the appropriate acclimatization time in rest to reach a thermal balance on young people skin. Forty-four subjects participated in the study, 18 men (22.3 ± 3.1 years) and 26 women (21.7 ± 2.5 years). Thermographic images were collected using a thermal imager (Fluke Ò ), totaling 44 images over a period of 20 min. The skin temperature (T SK ) was measured at the point of examination which included the 0 min, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20. The body regions of interest (ROI) analyzed included the hands, forearms, arms, thighs, legs, chest and abdomen. We used the Friedman test with post hoc Dunn's in order to establish the time at rest required to obtain a T SK balance and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare age, BMI, body fat percentage and temperature variations between men and women, considering always a significance level of p < 0.05. Results showed that women had significantly higher temperature variations than men (p < 0.01) along the time. In men, only the body region of the abdomen obtained a significant variance (p < 0.05) on the analyzed period, both in the anterior and posterior part. In women, the anterior abdomen and thighs, and the posterior part of the hands, forearms and abdomen showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Based on our results, it can be concluded that the time in rest condition required reaching a T SK balance in young men and women is variable, but for whole body analysis it is recommended at least 10 min for both sexes.

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Investigation of febrile passengers detected by infrared thermal scanning at an international airport

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Assessment of Border Control Measures and Community Containment Measures Used in Japan during the Early Stages of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009

Assessment of Border Control Measures and Community Containment Measures Used in Japan during the Early Stages of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009

Usefulness and applicability of infectious disease control measures in air travel: A review

Time required to stabilize thermographic images at rest

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