Investigation of extractable organic compounds in deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

McCollom, T. M.; Seewald, Jeffrey S.; German, Christopher R.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.022

Cited by 58 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The latter is supported by many theoretical [31][32][33] and experimental work summarised in two reviews [34,35]. Conversely, some other studies reported the absence of organic compounds in hydrothermal fluids except at the Lost City alkaline vent field which is theoretically more favourable for abiotic synthesis [36]. Nevertheless, we report here the presence of semivolatile organic compounds in hydrothermal fluids from the Wallis and Futuna area and provide concentrations of a selection of extractable compounds that have been identified elsewhere as hydrothermally derived [27,37]: n-alkanes, n-fatty acids (n-FAs), mono-, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEXs and PAHs).…”

Section: Geofluidsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…S5: modified after Lupton et al [66]. (a) Plot summarizing 3He/4He ratio versus C/3He for various mantle provinces, including mid-ocean ridges (black-filled symbols), submarine arc volcanoes (blue), and sub aerial arc volcanoes [135] for Massive Sulphide Deposits (MSD); [36] for Lost City (LC) fluids; [136] for petroleum and recent and ancient sediments; [137] for 13 ∘ N mussels. S7: distribution of linear alkanes obtained by thermogenic maturation in various crude oil basins and abiotic Fischer-Tropsch type experiment [84].…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic, Gas, and Element Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids of the Newly Discovered Extensive Hydrothermal Area in the Wallis and Futuna Region (SW Pacific)

et al. 2018

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Two newly discovered hydrothermal vent fields of the Wallis and Futuna region, Kulo Lasi and Fatu Kapa, were sampled for fluid geochemistry. A great geochemical diversity was observed and assigned to the diversity of lithologies as well as the occurrence of various processes. Kulo Lasi fluids likely formed by interaction with fresh volcanic rocks, phase separation, and mixing with magmatic fluid. Conversely, the geochemistry of the Fatu Kapa fluids would be mostly due to water/felsic lavas reactions. In terms of organic geochemistry, fluids from both fields were found to be enriched in formate, acetate, and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs): n-alkanes, n-fatty acids, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Concentrations of SVOCs reached a few ppb at most. The distribution patterns of SVOCs indicated that several processes and sources, at once of biogenic, thermogenic, and abiogenic types, likely controlled organic geochemistry. Although the contribution of each process remains unknown, the mere presence of organics at the M level has strong implications for metal dispersion (cycles), deposition (ore-forming), and bioavailability (ecosystems), especially as our fluxes estimations suggest that back-arc hosted vent fields could contribute as much as MOR to the global ocean heat and mass budget.

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Section: Geofluidsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic, Gas, and Element Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids of the Newly Discovered Extensive Hydrothermal Area in the Wallis and Futuna Region (SW Pacific)

et al. 2018

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“…The diffuse vent sample 19 ROV 06, taken with the KIPS system, shows lowest dFe and lowest [L] concentrations and at the same time also the lowest value of Fe lab :dFe, with only 1.1%, which we would rather expect from a pure hydrothermal fluid sample (Yücel et al, 2011). Additionally, pure hydrothermal fluids, sampled directly out of the vent outlet, have low concentrations of complex organic matter, so we would not expect to find organic ligands in these samples (Hawkes et al, 2015;McCollom et al, 2015). However, an important fraction (up to 11.8%) of dFe in the early buoyant plume was chemically labile and in equilibrium with high concentrations of natural chelating ligands, as indicated by their competition for added Fe during titration (Figure 3).…”

Section: The Source and Nature Of Fe Ligand Complexesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Voltammetric Investigation of Hydrothermal Iron Speciation

et al. 2016

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Hydrothermal vent fluids are highly enriched in iron (Fe) compared to ambient seawater, and organic ligands may play a role in facilitating the transport of some hydrothermal Fe into the open ocean. This is important since Fe is a limiting micronutrient for primary production in large parts of the world's surface ocean. We have investigated the concentration and speciation of Fe in several vent fluid and plume samples from the Nifonea vent field, Coriolis Troughs, New Hebrides Island Arc, South Pacific Ocean using competitive ligand exchange-adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-AdCSV) with salicylaldoxime (SA) as the artificial ligand. Our results for total dissolved Fe (dFe) in the buoyant hydrothermal plume samples showed concentrations up to 3.86 µM dFe with only a small fraction between 1.1 and 11.8% being chemically labile. Iron binding ligand concentrations ([L]) were found in µM level with strong conditional stability constants up to logK 3+ FeL,Fe of 22.9. Within the non-buoyant hydrothermal plume above the Nifonea vent field, up to 84.7% of the available Fe is chemically labile and [L] concentrations up to 97 nM were measured. [L] was consistently in excess of Fe lab , indicating that all available Fe is being complexed, which in combination with high Fe lab values in the non-buoyant plume, signifies that a high fraction of hydrothermal dFe is potentially being transported away from the plume into the surrounding waters, contributing to the global oceanic Fe budget.

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“…They include: water‐activity and relative‐humidity thresholds considered safe for preservation of foods and feeds (Brown, ; Shehbal, ); relative humidities considered safe to prevent growth of mycotoxin‐producing fungi within habitations (van Laarhoven et al ., ); conditions needed to preserve books, artworks and museum specimens; and the international policy for planetary protection in relation to exploratory space missions which has been formulated based (albeit with some safety margin, to allow for potential new findings) on previous data that no microbe could multiply below 0.605 water activity (Rummel et al ., ; Stevenson et al ., ; Kminek et al ., ). Intriguingly, abiotic glycerol (and structurally similar molecules) has been identified in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments (Cooper et al ., ; Kaiser et al ., ; McCollom et al ., ), and fungi – like other microbes – efficiently take up extracellular glycerol when present at nanomolar concentrations, and possibly even below this range (Hallsworth and Magan, ; Lages et al ., ; Holst et al ., ). Application of our findings may also help to protect health by reducing exposure to mycotoxins in airborne spores for inhabitants of buildings or astronauts within spacecraft, or via the food‐supply chain.…”

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confidence: 99%

Aspergillus penicillioides differentiation and cell division at 0.585 water activity

Stevenson

Hamill

O'Kane

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

106

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SummaryWater availability acts as the most stringent constraint for life on Earth. Thus, understanding the water relations of microbial extremophiles is imperative to our ability to increase agricultural productivity (e.g., by enhancing the processing and turnover of dead organic matter in soils of arid regions), reduce human exposure to mycotoxins in buildings and our foodsupply chain, prevent the spoilage of foods/animal feeds, books, museum specimens and artworks and better control microbiology of industrial fermentations. Only a small number of microbial systems can retain activity at <0.710 water activity (ISME J 2015 9: 1333-1351). It has long-been considered that the most resilient of these is Xeromyces bisporus, which inhabits sugar-rich substrates (Appl Environ Microbiol 1968 16: 1853-1858. The current study focused on germination of Aspergillus penicillioides, a xerophile which is also able to grow under low humidity and saline conditions. Investigations of germination differed from those reported earlier: firstly, aerially borne conidia were harvested, and then used for inoculations, in their dry condition; secondly, cultures were incubated at 248C, i.e. below optimum germination temperature, to minimize the possibility of water loss from the substrate; thirdly, cultures remained sealed throughout the 73-day study period (microscopic examination was carried out directly 48 through the Petri plate lid); fourthly, the germination parameters determined were: rates and extent of conidial swelling, production of differentiated germinationstructures and septate germlings, and subsequent development of mycelium and/or sporulation; fifthly, assessments were carried out over a range of wateractivity values and time points to obtain a complete profile of the germination process. Conidia swelled, formed differentiated germination-structures and then produced septate germlings at a water-activity of just 0.585 (58.5% relative humidity), outside the currently understood thermodynamic window for life. Furthermore, analyses of these data suggest a theoretical water-activity minimum of 0.565 for germination of A. penicilliodes. In relation to astrobiology, these findings have an application in understanding the limits to life in extraterrestrial environments. In light of current plans for exploration missions to Mars and other places, and the need to safeguard martian scientific sites and potential resources (including water) for future human habitation, a knowledge-based and effective policy for planetary protection is essential. As it is, Mars-bound spacecraft may frequently be contaminated with aspergilli (including A. penicillioides) and other organisms which, when transported to other planetary bodies, pose a contamination risk. In crafting countermeasures to offset this, it is important to know as precisely as possible the capabilities of these potential interplanetary visitors.

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Investigation of extractable organic compounds in deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Cited by 58 publications

References 54 publications

Organic, Gas, and Element Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids of the Newly Discovered Extensive Hydrothermal Area in the Wallis and Futuna Region (SW Pacific)

Organic, Gas, and Element Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids of the Newly Discovered Extensive Hydrothermal Area in the Wallis and Futuna Region (SW Pacific)

Voltammetric Investigation of Hydrothermal Iron Speciation

Aspergillus penicillioides differentiation and cell division at 0.585 water activity

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