Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in four types of sludge: Factors influencing EPS properties and sludge granulation

Liu, Xiaoying; Liu, Jie; Deng, Dongkun; Li, Renjie; Guo, Chao; Ma, Jian; Chen, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.101924

Cited by 98 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The carbohydrates content in EPS was more variable, presenting a significantly higher concentration during the phases with higher OLR. The higher carbon content present in the wastewater might result in higher amount of carbohydrates in the EPS similarly to what was observed in previous studies (Liu et al, 2021). This is in agreement with the results obtained, since the PN/PS ratio increased again at the end of phase III.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This higher total EPS content was mostly related to the content in humic acids of the inoculated biomass. Humic acids are not secreted by bacteria, and are believed to be either taken up from the environment (More et al, 2014) or resultant from substrate hydrolysis (Liu et al, 2021). The composition of the fish canning wastewater might not contribute to their presence in the EPS composition, possibly leading to its decrease in time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Carbon Load in Food Processing Industrial Wastewater is a Driver for Metabolic Competition in Aerobic Granular Sludge

Paulo

Amorim

Costa

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) processes are among the most robust wastewater treatments. One of their greatest advantages is related to the granules multi-layered structure, which creates a protective barrier against organic shock loads and variable wastewater composition, particularly attractive for the treatment of industrial wastewater. However, when treating a wastewater with variable and complex composition, the difficulty in identifying factors that most affect a specific biological process increases. In this study, the effect of organic loading rate (OLR), namely carbon content, on nitrification in an AGS process treating fish canning wastewater was investigated. Besides process performance, also biomass structural changes, and microbial community composition were analysed. Reactor operation lasted for 107 days and was divided in three phases during which different OLR and C/N ratios were applied. A higher OLR was applied during the first two phases (ca. 1.1 and 1.5 kg COD m−3 day−1, respectively) compared to the third phase (between 0.12 and 0.78 kg COD m−3 day−1) and the C/N ratios also varied (ca. 4.4, 7.8, and 2.9, respectively). Throughout the operation, COD concentration in the outlet was lower than 100 mg O2 L−1. Nitrification was inhibited during the second phase and recovered afterwards. Principal component analysis (PCA) of quantitative image analysis (QIA) and performance data allowed to distinguish process changes over the three operational phases. During the first two phases, the decrease in the biomass robustness occurred, but recovered during the last phase, indicating that the high content of organic matter had possibly an effect on the aerobic granules structural characteristics. The composition of the AGS microbiome did not change substantially after the end of the higher OLR periods. The main microbial diversity shifts were mostly associated to adaptation to higher or lower carbon availability. Bacteria and inferred enzymes associated to nitrogen and phosphorous removal were identified. Chryseobacterium, a bacterium with high metabolic versatility, was able to adapt to the organic shock load, becoming dominant over operation. Despite the variable composition of the fish canning wastewater, carbon was identified as the main driver for nitrification inhibition, while promoting changes in the physical characteristics and on the microbial community of granules.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Carbon Load in Food Processing Industrial Wastewater is a Driver for Metabolic Competition in Aerobic Granular Sludge

Paulo

Amorim

Costa

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…In each of the methods (except for CH2O+NaOH), protein levels in EPS extracts were significantly higher than that of the carboxylates extracts. This agrees with the results found in similar studies examining EPS in AnMBRs [26], and in various aerobic and/or ANAMMOX granules [32,33]. Despite concerns regarding EPS pollution by chemical reagents [24,34], both EDTA and CH2O+NaOH yielded significant quantities of protein across all four cycles with 153 ± 6.3 mg protein/L and 0.113 ± 0.01 mg protein/mg VSS and 90 ± 14.6 mg protein/L and 0.067 ± 0.011 mg protein/mg VSS, respectively.…”

Section: Proteins and Carbohydrates In Eps Extractssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Proteins and Carbohydrates In Eps Extractssupporting

confidence: 91%

Examination of Extracellular Polymer (EPS) Extraction Methods for Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Biomass

2021

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Membrane bioreactor fouling is a complex process, which is typically driven by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), a complex mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, humic substances, and other intercellular polymers. While much is known about fouling in aerobic membrane reactors, far less is known about fouling in anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR). Much of this knowledge, including EPS extraction methods, has been extrapolated from aerobic processes and is commonly assumed to be comparable. Therefore, several extraction methods commonly used for aerobic EPS quantification, including ultrasonication, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and formaldehyde plus sodium hydroxide (CH2O+NaOH), were evaluated to determine the most suitable extraction method for EPS of anaerobic microorganisms in an AnMBR. To maximize EPS yields, each extraction was performed four times. Experimental results showed that the EDTA method was best for EPS quantification, based on chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and protein yields: 1.43 mg COD/mg volatile suspended solids (VSS), 0.14 mg DOC/mg VSS, and 0.11 mg proteins/mg VSS. In comparison, the CH2O+NaOH method maximized the extraction of carbohydrates (0.12 mg carbohydrates/mg VSS). However, multiple extraction cycles with EDTA and ultrasonication exhibited lower extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations compared to CH2O+NaOH extractions, indicating lower levels of released intracellular substances. Successive EPS extractions over four cycles are better able to quantify EPS from anaerobic microorganisms, since a single extraction may not accurately reflect the true levels of EPS contents in AnMBRs, and possibly in other anaerobic processes.

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“…The small flocs would be formed by granular sludge as a result the sludge flocs in the liquid phase could be reduced. 48 As the cell moved backward, the microorganism of various forms decreased progressively where the least amount of microorganism was found in the fourth cell of the two systems. This phenomenon may be due to the decrease in the pollutant concentration along the reactor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Study on Start-Up Membraneless Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Coupled with Microbial Fuel Cell for Dye Wastewater Treatment

Liu

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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In this study, the antitoxicity performance of the traditional anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and the newly constructed membraneless anaerobic baffled reactor coupled with microbial fuel cell (ABR-MFC) was compared for the treatment of simulated printing and dyeing wastewater under the same hydraulic residence time. The sludge performances of ABR-MFC and ABR were evaluated on the dye removal rate, extracellular polymer (EPS) content, sludge particle size, methane yield, and the surface morphology of granular sludge. It was found that the maximum power density of the ABR-MFC reactor reached 1226.43 mW/m 3 , indicating that the coupled system has a good power generation capacity. The concentration of the EPS in the ABR-MFC reactor was about 3 times that in the ABR, which could be the result of the larger average particle size of sludge in the ABR-MFC reactor than in the ABR. The dye removal rate of the ABR-MFC reactor (91.71%) was higher than that of the ABR (1.49%). The methane production and microbial species in the ABR-MFC system were higher than those in the ABR. Overall, the MFC embedded in the ABR can effectively increase the resistance of the reactor, promote the formation of granular sludge, and improve the performance of the reactor for wastewater treatment.

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Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in four types of sludge: Factors influencing EPS properties and sludge granulation

Cited by 98 publications

References 37 publications

High Carbon Load in Food Processing Industrial Wastewater is a Driver for Metabolic Competition in Aerobic Granular Sludge

High Carbon Load in Food Processing Industrial Wastewater is a Driver for Metabolic Competition in Aerobic Granular Sludge

Examination of Extracellular Polymer (EPS) Extraction Methods for Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Biomass

Study on Start-Up Membraneless Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Coupled with Microbial Fuel Cell for Dye Wastewater Treatment

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