Investigation of entrepreneurial orientation development with airline employees: Moderating roles of a cooperation-competition mechanism

Modelling competitive advantage using the concepts of big data and social media to develop a sustainability strategy

“…We evaluated all hypotheses using SPSS software version 24.0 by IBM, which required us to perform 1,000 bootstrap samples with 95% percentile confidence intervals and bias-corrected confidence intervals (Liu et al , 2021). On the other hand, our study used AMOS 24.0 software by IBM to conduct covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) to minimize the covariate gap between the sample and the theory (Fornell and Bookstein, 1982).…”

“…Online questionnaires were distributed to 560 managers in both the Chinese and English languages from November 2020 to January 2021 by a polling market research company and were translated by experts based on their comprehensive linguistic ability to improve the questionnaire’s reliability and validity (Liu et al , 2021). Professional analysis and screening of the prospective candidates were conducted by well-trained research assistants who were familiar with the research purpose and methodology to reduce sampling error (Wang et al , 2020), communicate with the participants and ensure that the participants answered the questions truthfully during the collection of the questionnaires.…”

Hybrid evaluation approach for the overall impression development through the sustainability concepts and strategy of competition

“…Therefore, future research may analyze managers' opinions or use comparative analysis to extend the findings of this study. Second, the sample for the empirical study was based on airline employee sampling, as Liu et al (2021) asserted that China's aviation industry is a highly regulated industry.…”

“…Mediation-moderation analysis has been recognized as valuable for explaining industrial environment competition (Chou et al, 2018), but its application in the context of Chinese airline competition is scarce (Liu et al, 2021). Fourth, the measurement of competition strategies in previous studies lacks consensus, with some studies using a single measurement while others utilize multiple subdimensions (Liu et al, 2020).…”

“…Third, with the increasing complexity of airline industrial competition, relying solely on a single analysis mechanism, such as mediation or moderation, may not fully provide comprehensive explanations for organizational or customer behavior (Waheed et al, 2020). Mediation‐moderation analysis has been recognized as valuable for explaining industrial environment competition (Chou et al, 2018), but its application in the context of Chinese airline competition is scarce (Liu et al, 2021). Fourth, the measurement of competition strategies in previous studies lacks consensus, with some studies using a single measurement while others utilize multiple subdimensions (Liu et al, 2020).…”