Investigation of electrostatic self-assembly as a means to fabricate and interfacially modify polymer-based photovoltaic devices

Durstock, Michael F.; Spry, R. J.; Baur, Jeffery W.; Taylor, Barney E.; Chiang, Long Y.

doi:10.1063/1.1601315

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…10 nm by the layer-by-layer deposition technique, which distinguishes it from previous approaches in which all functional layers were prepared by layer-by-layer deposition. [29][30][31][32] Indeed, FF of our devices decreased to less than 0.25 when the light-harvesting layer was thicker than 30 nm. We should note that our devices were fabricated in air with wet processes and their J-V characteristics were also measured in air.…”

Section: Triple-layered Structures and The Photovoltaic Performancesmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Thus, thin-film organic solar cells that utilize these advantages of the layer-by-layer technique have been reported by some groups. [29][30][31][32][33][34] However, it has not been fully exploited in organic solar cells to date and the performance of the devices has remained poor, with a low power conversion efficiency of <0.05%, partly because of the low charge mobility. [33] Recently, we reported an improvement in conductive and photovoltaic properties of a poly( p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV)-based layer-by-layer thin-film device by low-temperature conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Multilayered Nanostructures and Donor–Acceptor Interfaces in Solution‐Processed Thin‐Film Organic Solar Cells

Benten

Ogawa

Ohkita

et al. 2008

Adv Funct Materials

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Multilayered polymer thin‐film solar cells have been fabricated by wet processes such as spin‐coating and layer‐by‐layer deposition. Hole‐ and electron‐transporting layers were prepared by spin‐coating with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) oxidized with poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and fullerene (C60), respectively. The light‐harvesting layer of poly‐(p‐phenylenevinylene) (PPV) was fabricated by layer‐by‐layer deposition of the PPV precursor cation and poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS). The layer‐by‐layer technique enables us to control the layer thickness with nanometer precision and select the interfacial material at the donor–acceptor heterojunction. Optimizing the layered nanostructures, we obtained the best‐performance device with a triple‐layered structure of PEDOT:PSS|PPV|C60, where the thickness of the PPV layer was 11 nm, comparable to the diffusion length of the PPV singlet exciton. The external quantum efficiency spectrum was maximum (ca. 20%) around the absorption peak of PPV and the internal quantum efficiency was estimated to be as high as ca. 50% from a saturated photocurrent at a reverse bias of −3 V. The power conversion efficiency of the triple‐layer solar cell was 0.26% under AM1.5G simulated solar illumination with 100 mW cm−2 in air.

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Section: Triple-layered Structures and The Photovoltaic Performancesmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Multilayered Nanostructures and Donor–Acceptor Interfaces in Solution‐Processed Thin‐Film Organic Solar Cells

Benten

Ogawa

Ohkita

et al. 2008

Adv Funct Materials

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“…The lower efficiency of the latter devices is possibly due to the insulating PAA and PAH that hinder charge transport. Following these two pioneering works, CPEs and fullerene derivatives have been used to make a series of PEM-based OBHPV devices [157][158][159], however, with low efficiency (<1%) compared with conjugated polymer/fullerene systems (∼7%) [160]. To date, the highest reported photon-to-current efficiency in PEM OBHPV is 5.5% from PPE and a water-soluble fullerene (Figure 7.8).…”

Section: Light Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembled Multilayer Stimuli‐Responsive Polymeric Films

Zhai

2011

Handbook of Stimuli‐Responsive Materials

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IntroductionMultilayer polymeric films fabricated through the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique are able to integrate stimuli-responsive materials into the films through various intermolecular interactions. The ease of the fabrication process and the excellent control of the film composition and morphology, combined with the capability of coating substrates conformally, offers a wide range of multilayer films that change film properties such as permeability, wettability, color, and solubility upon external stimuli. This chapter reviews the methods of building LBL multilayer films and the approaches to control the structures of the films. These smart films provide numerous applications in controlled drug release, sensing, energy generation, and flow regulation with their unique response to external stimuli including pH and temperature change, photo irradiation, application of electrical fields, and specific molecular interactions.Stimuli-responsive coatings, also known as smart coatings, are able to change their properties upon external stimuli including temperature, pH, salt concentration, light, presence of specific molecules, and other factors. The capability of changing surface behavior in an accurate and predictable manner has generated numerous applications ranging from chemical sensing, separations, and drug delivery to various bioapplications. To name a few, smart coatings with tunable hydrophilic/hydrophobic wettability have been used in the development of microand nanofluidic devices, self-cleaning and antifog surfaces, and sensor devices [1-3]. Photochemical-responsive coatings have been applied to build a surface that releases nitric oxide [4] over nanometer length scales for photochemotherapeutic applications, and a surface that can be photoactivated for spatiotemporal control of cell adhesion during cell cultivation [5,6]. The control of the properties of these smart coatings can be achieved through the stimuli-responsive materials forming self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and polymer films. Among various approaches to fabricate responsive polymer films, multilayered polymer films, generally referred as polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films, fabricated through the LBL assembly technique, have been proven to be effective smart coatings with Handbook of Stimuli-Responsive Materials. Edited by Marek W. Urban

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“…More recently, this approach was used in the fabrication of polymer thin films for optoelectronic devices, such as field-effect transistors, [9] lightemitting devices, [10][11][12][13][14][15] and photovoltaic cells. [16][17][18][19] A relatively low turn-on voltage was observed in the light-emitting diodes fabricated by multilayer deposition, which was attributed to the defect-free films obtained. [10] Although the performances of these devices were not satisfactory compared to those of the extensively studied multilayer organic devices, the LBL deposition method provides an alternative approach to fabricate multilayer thin films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition of Rhenium‐Containing Hyperbranched Polymers and Fabrication of Photovoltaic Cells

Tse

Man

Cheng

et al. 2006

Chemistry A European J

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Multilayer thin films were prepared by the layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition method using a rhenium‐containing hyperbranched polymer and poly[2‐(3‐thienyl)ethoxy‐4‐butylsulfonate] (PTEBS). The radii of gyration of the hyperbranched polymer in solutions with different salt concentrations were measured by laser light scattering. A significant decrease in molecular size was observed when sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate was used as the electrolyte. The conditions of preparing the multilayer thin films by LBL deposition were studied. The growth of the multilayer films was monitored by absorption spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry, and the surface morphologies of the resulting films were studied by atomic force microscopy. When the pH of a PTEBS solution was kept at 6 and in the presence of salt, polymer films with maximum thickness were obtained. The multilayer films were also fabricated into photovoltaic cells and their photocurrent responses were measured upon irradiation with simulated air mass (AM) 1.5 solar light. The open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency of the devices were 1.2 V, 27.1 μ A cm−2, 0.19, and 6.1×10−3 %, respectively. The high open‐circuit voltage was attributed to the difference in the HOMO level of the PTEBS donor and the LUMO level of the hyperbranched polymer acceptor. A plot of incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency versus wavelength also suggests that the PTEBS/hyperbranched polymer junction is involved in the photosensitization process, in which a maximum was observed at approximately 420 nm. The relatively high capacitance, determined from the measured photocurrent rise and decay profiles, can be attributed to the presence of large counter anions in the polymer film.

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Investigation of electrostatic self-assembly as a means to fabricate and interfacially modify polymer-based photovoltaic devices

Cited by 40 publications

References 22 publications

Design of Multilayered Nanostructures and Donor–Acceptor Interfaces in Solution‐Processed Thin‐Film Organic Solar Cells

Design of Multilayered Nanostructures and Donor–Acceptor Interfaces in Solution‐Processed Thin‐Film Organic Solar Cells

Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembled Multilayer Stimuli‐Responsive Polymeric Films

Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition of Rhenium‐Containing Hyperbranched Polymers and Fabrication of Photovoltaic Cells

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