Investigation of effective parameters in the production of alumina gel through the sol-gel method

A graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposite biosensor: synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical detection of bilirubin

“…Finally, after 24 h, the prepared electrode was washed with 5 ml of the phosphate buffer solution to remove the unbound enzyme. 74–76 …”

“…Finally, aer 24 h, the prepared electrode was washed with 5 ml of the phosphate buffer solution to remove the unbound enzyme. [74][75][76] 2.6 Response measurement and optimization factors of the BOx/GO@PANI/ITO electrode Cyclic voltammetry measurements were carried out utilizing three electrodes with three mixture solutions as an electrolyte containing (10 ml, 0.1 M) KCl, (5 ml, 0.1 M, pH 7.5) sodium phosphate buffer, and (0.1 ml, 0.1 mM) of bilirubin with a potential range between −0.4 to 0.4 V. To determine the optimum concentration of the enzyme, the reaction was executed at different enzyme concentrations in the range of 100 to 500 IU. Many factors, such as pH impact, bilirubin concentration, temperature, and incubation time were studied to optimize the performance of the BOx/GO@PANI/ITO electrode.…”