Investigation of echinoderid kinorhynchs described 90 years ago: redescription of Echinoderes capitatus (Zelinka, 1928) and Echinoderes ferrugineus Zelinka, 1928

Yamasaki, Hiroshi; Zotto, Matteo Dal

doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2019.05.013

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Tubes in subdorsal positions on segment 9 were not observed in other specimens. A similar inconsistency was described by Yamasaki & Dal Zotto (2019) for specimens of E. capitatus that lack a ventrolateral tube on one side on segment 2 (Yamasaki & Dal Zotto 2019). Moreover, we observed that one specimen lacks a subdorsal sensory spot on the right side of segment 10, and that this lacking sensory spot seems to be relocated to segment 9 (Fig.…”

Section: Distributionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand

Grzelak

Sørensen²

2022

EJT

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Limited data are available for the kinorhynch fauna from the Southern Hemisphere, with little or no data from New Zealand. Here, we provide a first comprehensive overview of the diversity of mud dragons, with an emphasis on species of Echinoderes from the continental slope of New Zealand, from a variety of habitats such as slopes, canyons and seamounts located in the Hikurangi Margin region. The study revealed fifteen species of Echinoderes. Of these, ten are described as new to science: E. aragorni sp. nov., E. blazeji sp. nov., E. dalzottoi sp. nov., E. frodoi sp. nov., E. galadrielae sp. nov., E. gandalfi sp. nov., E. landersi sp. nov., E. leduci sp. nov., E. legolasi sp. nov. and E. samwisei sp. nov. Moreover, Echinoderes juliae Sørensen et al., 2018, Echinoderes sp. aff. E. balerioni, Echinoderes sp. aff. E. galadrielae/beringiensis, Echinoderes sp. aff. E. lupherorum and Echinoderes sp. aff. E. unispinosus are reported in the investigated region. The most abundant among all was E. gandalfi sp. nov., but it was found only in canyons. Interestingly, the second most common species was E. juliae that was found at several stations in canyons, seamount and on the slope. This species is one of the deep-sea species originally found on the abyssal plain off Oregon and along the continental rise off California, Northeast Pacific, recorded in polymetallic nodules in the tropical eastern Pacific, and recently found on the abyssal plains off Chile, east of the Atacama Trench. These findings, together with records of Echinoderes sp. aff. E. lupherorum and Echinoderes sp. aff. E. unispinosus indicate that, despite their low dispersal abilities, kinorhynchs, similar to other meiofaunal species, may exhibit a wider distribution pattern than previously assumed. The number of recorded species and numerous new species show that New Zealand sediments not only are inhabited by a diverse kinorhynch fauna, but Echinoderes, the most speciose genus, still holds much to discover.

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Section: Distributionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand

Grzelak

Sørensen²

2022

EJT

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“…The three most common echinoderid dorsal patterns of glandular cell outlets type 1 on segments 1 to 9. Literature sources: Huys & Coomans 1989;Adrianov & Malakhov 1999;Adrianov et al, 2002a;Neuhaus & Blasche 2006;Herranz et al , 2014Herranz et al , 2018Sørensen et al 2012Sørensen et al , 2013Sørensen et al , 2016Sørensen et al , 2018Herranz & Pardos 2013;Sørensen & Landers 2014;Pardos et al 2016b;Yamasaki & Durucan, 2018;Yamasaki et al 2018aYamasaki et al , 2018bYamasaki et al , 2020bCepeda et al 2019bCepeda et al , 2019cGrzelak & Sørensen 2019;Sánchez et al 2019;Yamasaki & Dal Zotto 2019; present study. always present in middorsal positions on segments 1 to 3, and in subdorsal positions on segments 4 to 9.…”

Section: Patterns Of Glandular Cell Outlets Typementioning

confidence: 74%

“…Within Echinoderes we can observe a great variation in overall appearance, from the typical cigar-shaped specimens that are narrow in front and hind ends and often show the greatest width around segments 6 to 8, to species like E. cavernus Sørensen et al, 2000or E. rociae Pardos et al, 2016 that have their widest segments on the anterior half of the trunk, or species such as Echinoderes higginsi Huys &Coomans, 1989 andE. capitatus (Zelinka, 1928) with nearly constant segment width throughout the trunk Huys & Coomans 1989;Sørensen et al 2000;Pardos et al 2016a;Yamasaki & Dal Zotto 2019). We also see species, such as E. anniae Sørensen et al, 2018, with very thin pachycycli, that differ considerably from species with extraordinary strong pachycycli, as seen in E. skipperae Sørensen & Landers 2014(Sørensen & Landers 2014Sørensen et al 2018).…”

Section: Identification Of Echinoderid Species Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group – the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Sørensen

Goetz

Herranz

et al. 2020

EJT

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1,546

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Thirteen species of Echinoderes with nearly identical spine/tube patterns, and apparently similar tergal extensions were re-examined and compared. Based on this, redescriptions and/or emended species diagnoses are provided for Echinoderes aureus, E. dujardinii, E. gerardi, E. imperforatus, E. pacificus, E. pilosus, E. sensibilis, E. sublicarum and E. worthingi, and new details about cuticular structures are added for E. kozloffi and E. gizoensis. The new information derived from the redescriptions, and the subsequent comparative studies revealed that: 1) the holotype of Echinoderes lanceolatus is identical with the types of Echinoderes aureus, and E. lanceolatus is thus a junior synonym of E. aureus; other potentially synonymous species that should be addressed further in the future include: E. dujardinii + E. gerardi; E. imperforatus + E. sensibilis, and E. pacificus + E. sublicarum; 2) the paratypes of E. lanceolatus represented a different yet undescribed species, here described as E. songae Sørensen & Chang sp. nov.; 3) a comparison with literature information about E. ehlersi showed that the species is so insufficiently described that a redescription of topotype material is required before the species should be considered for taxonomic comparison; 4) specimens from the Andaman Islands, India, that previously have been reported as Echinoderes cf. ehlersi represent two different undescribed species, of which one is described as E. chandrasekharai Sørensen & Chatterjee sp. nov. and the other is left undescribed due to the limited material available; 5) out of a total of fifteen addressed species, it is proposed that eleven represent a putatively monophyletic group that is named the Echinoderes dujardinii group. The group includes following species: E. dujardinii, E. ehlersi, E. gerardi, E. imperforatus, E. kozloffi, E. sensibilis, E. pacificus, E. sublicarum, E. songae Sørensen & Chang sp. nov., E. chandrasekharai Sørensen & Chatterjee sp. nov., and Echinoderes sp. from the Andaman Islands, and is supported by a similar spine/tube pattern (except for variation regarding the presence of lateral accessory tubes on segment 8); generally short middorsal spines, especially on segments 4 to 6; glandular cell outlets type 1 always present in middorsal positions on segments 1 to 3, and in subdorsal positions on segments 4 to 9; glandular cell outlets type 2 always present in laterodorsal or midlateral positions on segment 8, and sometimes in same positions on segment 9 but never at any other segments or positions; female papillae always present on sternal plates of segments 7 and 8, and occasionally also on segment 6; tergal extensions well-spaced, triangular, gradually tapered cones, and pectinate fringes of sternal extensions are differentiated into seta-like tufts. The comparisons furthermore showed potential taxonomic significance of two echinoderid character traits that previously have been slightly neglected as diagnostic traits, namely the presence and appearance of female papillae, and the dorsal pattern of glandular cell outlets type 1. Female papillae may occur on the sternal plates of segments 6 to 8, but the positions may differ from ventrolateral to ventromedial, and the morphology of the intracuticular substructure also differ at species level. Information about position and morphology of female papillae proved helpful for species recognition, but it might also provide information of phylogenetic importance. Analyses of glandular cell outlet type 1 patterns on the dorsal sides of segments 1 to 9 in species of Echinoderidae, revealed several apparently unique or rare patterns, but also three distinct patterns that applied to larger groups of species. One pattern is the one present in all species of the E. dujardinii group, whereas the other two common patterns included 1) middorsal outlets on segments 1 to 3, and paradorsal outlets on segments 4 to 9 (found in 27 species), and 2) middorsal outlets on segments 1 to 3, 5 and 7, and paradorsal outlets on segments 4, 6 and 8 to 9 (found in 27 species)

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“…The Mediterranean Sea is often considered to be the cradle of taxonomic kinorhynch research, thanks to Zelinka's (1928) monumental monograph that focused on kinorhynchs from the Gulf of Naples and the Adriatic Sea. In more modern times, Dal Zotto has complemented Zelinka's work around the Italian Peninsula (Dal Zotto 2015;Yamasaki and Dal Zotto, 2019), whereas the Pardos group has provided much information about the West Mediterranean kinorhynch fauna (Sánchez et al, , 2012(Sánchez et al, , 2014(Sánchez et al, , 2018Herranz et al, 2012). In a very recent contribution, the first Mediterranean record of the genus Sphenoderes was made from Zelinka's original sampling site in the Gulf of Naples (Sørensen and Herranz, in press).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinorhynchs from sandy coastal habitats in Turkey, with the description of a new pan- Mediterranean species of Echinoderes (Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae)

Sørensen¹,

Herranz²,

Pardos³

et al. 2021

Turk J Zool

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Kinorhynchs from eight sandy, shallow water localities along the west and south coasts of Turkey were examined. The study resulted in the finding of six different species: Two species, Echinoderes gerardi and Cephalorhyncha flosculosa were known from Turkey, two species, Echinoderes riedli and Campyloderes vanhoeffeni were known from the Mediterranean, but are new to Turkey, and two species, Echinoderes sp. and E. shahmaranae sp. nov. are new to science.Echinoderes sp. resembles E. charlotteae from the Gulf of Mexico, but differs at some minor points. However, since only a single specimen was available, only diagnostic details, but no formal description, is provided. Echinoderes shahmaranae sp. nov. is described from Muğla. The species is distinguished by its unique combination of spine, tube and glandular cell type 2 distributions, as well as the presence of conspicuous, rigid, paraventral cuticular hairs. The latter character was evaluated across all echinoderid species from which information was available. It is present in only sixteen other echinoderid species, and is considered to be a character of potential phylogenetic significance. Other morphological findings include the confirmed lack of paradorsal sensory spots on segments 4 and 5, and presence of a middorsal fissure on segment 11 in C. flosculosa.

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Investigation of echinoderid kinorhynchs described 90 years ago: redescription of Echinoderes capitatus (Zelinka, 1928) and Echinoderes ferrugineus Zelinka, 1928

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand

Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand

Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group – the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Kinorhynchs from sandy coastal habitats in Turkey, with the description of a new pan- Mediterranean species of Echinoderes (Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae)

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