Investigation of Direct Metal Deposition Processes Using High-Resolution In-line Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Schmidt, Martín; Gorny, Sven; Rüssmeier, Nick; Partes, Knut

doi:10.1007/s11666-022-01504-y

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…Numerous experiments have shown that radiation measurement is well suited as a contactless temperature measurement technique to monitor melt pool characteristics during the PBF-LB/M process [5,6] as well as other AM processes, e.g., direct metal deposition (DMD) [7][8][9][10]. One of the fundamental laws of radiation measurement technology is Planck's radiation law [11], given in Equation (1).…”

Section: Radiation Measurement Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical-Numerical Investigation of a New Approach to Reconstruct the Temperature Field in PBF-LB/M Using Multispectral Process Monitoring

May,

Werz

2024

JMMP

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The monitoring of additive manufacturing processes such as powder bed fusion enables the detection of several process quantities important to the quality of the built part. In this context, radiation-based monitoring techniques have been used to obtain information about the melt pool and the general temperature distribution on the surface of the powder bed. High temporal and spatial resolution have been achieved at the cost of large storage requirements. This contribution aims to offer an alternative strategy of gaining information about the powder bed’s temperature field with sufficient resolution but with an economical amount of data. The investigated measurement setup uses a spectrometer to detect the spectral radiation intensities emitted by an area enclosing the melt pool and part of its surroundings. An analytical description of this process is presented, which shows that the measured spectral entities can be reconstructed by the Ritz method. It is also shown that the corresponding weighting factors can be physically interpreted as subdomains of constant temperature within the measurement area. Two different test cases are numerically analyzed, showing that the methodology allows for an approximation of the melt pool size while further assumptions remain necessary to reconstruct the actual temperature distribution.

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Section: Radiation Measurement Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical-Numerical Investigation of a New Approach to Reconstruct the Temperature Field in PBF-LB/M Using Multispectral Process Monitoring

May,

Werz

2024

JMMP

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Relating melt mixing, dilution and vapor emissions during directed energy deposition

Schmidt,

Naesstroem,

Volpp

et al. 2025

Optics & Laser Technology

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Monitoring the degree of dilution during directed energy deposition of aluminum bronze and H13 tool steel using optical emission spectroscopy

Schmidt,

Partes,

Rajput

et al. 2023

Journal of Laser Applications

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Controlling heat transfer in casting tools is a key quality aspect. It can be improved by selectively applying volumetric aluminum bronze (CuAl9.5Fe1.2) sections in the core of the tools and subsequently depositing these cores with hard-facing H13 tool steel. Directed energy deposition (DED) can be used for both additive manufacturing of aluminum bronze and hard-facing by depositing the filler material onto a substrate surface or previously manufactured bodies. A sufficient metallurgical bonding of the deposited filler material and the underlying layer must be ensured. Hence, the dilution is a key factor for quality assurance. However, high dilution of the underlying layer and the filler material negatively affects the desired properties and must be monitored. Optical emission spectroscopy of the DED process emissions is investigated by comparing the emission lines of the individual elements comprising the base and the filler materials. Multiple single tracks using aluminum bronze as the filler material are laser-cladded with varying power, onto the two different types of substrates, i.e., mild steel S355 (1.0570) and hot working tool steel H11 (1.2343). Additionally, single tracks of H13 (1.2344) are deposited with varying laser powers onto an additively manufactured core of aluminum bronze. Both resulting in deposition tracks with varying dilution values. Multiple emission lines of Cr, Fe, Cu, Al, and Mn are detected and measured (line intensity). Line intensity ratios using the element emission lines are calculated and correlated with the respective metallographic results of the deposition tracks (dilution and chemical composition). Deposition tracks with a higher dilution (CuAl9.5Fe1.2 onto S355/H11 as well as H13 onto CuAl9.5Fe1.2) showed an increased line intensity ratio of the underlying material to the filler material. Moreover, this technology was transferred in a multilayer industrial application.

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Investigation of Direct Metal Deposition Processes Using High-Resolution In-line Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Theoretical-Numerical Investigation of a New Approach to Reconstruct the Temperature Field in PBF-LB/M Using Multispectral Process Monitoring

Theoretical-Numerical Investigation of a New Approach to Reconstruct the Temperature Field in PBF-LB/M Using Multispectral Process Monitoring

Relating melt mixing, dilution and vapor emissions during directed energy deposition

Monitoring the degree of dilution during directed energy deposition of aluminum bronze and H13 tool steel using optical emission spectroscopy

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