Investigation of Differentially Expressed Proteins Induced by Alteration of Natural Se Uptake with Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Orbitrap Uncovers the Potential Nutritional Value in Se-Enriched Green Tea

Abstract

Se-enriched green tea, with an increasing consumption, is the shoot of tea plants grown naturally in a seleniferous region. A label-free proteomic strategy based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole Orbitrap was applied to characterize and distinguish the difference between the Se-enriched and normal green tea with a total of 283 proteins identified and 264 proteins quantified, in which 96 proteins were observed different. The expressions of 10 proteins were upregulated and 40 proteins were downregulated (p < 0.05) in Se-enriched samples. Gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis results indicated that these differentially expressed proteins significantly interacted and were involved in secondary metabolites and inflammatory response biological processes. Furthermore, the expression of methyl-jasmonate- and ethylene-related genes changed significantly in Se-enriched green tea, and catalase proteins were employed as the center of the pathway that changed significantly in the PPI network. These results associating with the current knowledge of selenium in soil–plant cycling revealed that organic selenium was synthesized in green tea, which provided novel information on Se assimilation in Camellia sinensis and improved the understanding of Se-enriched green tea as a possible ideal selenium supplement in daily life.

Impacts of selenium enrichment on nutritive value and obesity prevention of Cordyceps militaris: A nutritional, secondary metabolite, and network pharmacological analysis

“…In the current investigation, the application of Se enrichment resulted in a significant elevation of secondary metabolites, specifically terpenoids and alkaloids. Jia, Liu, Shi, & Chu (2020) have demonstrated that Se enrichment could remarkably promote the synthesis of some secondary metabolites in plants, as revealed by the KEGG pathway analysis in this study. That is, the changed secondary metabolites were attributed to the metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.…”

Integrative Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Reveals the Absorption and Metabolism of Selenium in Tea Plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]

“…Multi-omics technologies have been implemented in studies related to selenium disposition in many other plants. However, single omics method was usually applied toward this particular research in tea plants ( Cao et al, 2018 ; Jia et al, 2020 ). In this study, both transcriptome and proteome techniques were applied to explore the transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes in tea plants after treated with selenite and selenate, respectively, illustrating the primary mechanism of selenium disposition in tea plants.…”

Selenium-Mediated (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Dynamics via Flavanone-3-Hydroxylase Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Fu Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)

“…Catechins and flavonols share a metabolic pathway for flavonoid synthesis, with naringenin being catalyzed by flavonoid 3-hydroxylase (F3H) to produce dihydrokaempferol, and flavonol synthase (FLS), flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase (F3′5’H), and flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) differentiating the biosynthesis of dihydrokaempferol into cannabinol, dihydrquercetin, and dihydromyricetin to produce the myricetin 3-glycosides, quercetin, and catechin compounds (Figure ). , …”

“…Catechins and flavonols share a metabolic pathway for flavonoid synthesis, with naringenin being catalyzed by flavonoid 3-hydroxylase (F3H) to produce dihydrokaempferol, and flavonol synthase (FLS), flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase (F3′5'H), and flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) differentiating the biosynthesis of dihydrokaempferol into cannabinol, dihydrquercetin, and dihydromyricetin to produce the myricetin 3-glycosides, quercetin, and catechin compounds (Figure 7). 1,36 Selenium content can affect catechin levels in tea, with (−)-catechin gallate, (−)-epigallocatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate, and (+)-gallocatechin being significantly decreased in 0.6 and 1.2 mg kg −1 selenium-enriched Fu tea and significantly increased in 2.4 mg kg −1 selenium-enriched Fu tea (Figure 4C). (−)-Catechin gallate and (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate involve two biosynthetic steps: The production of β-glucogallin from uridine diphosphate glucose and gibberellic acid, and the production of gallocatechin from 2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol and β-glucogallin, with gibberellic acid being encoded by CsUGT84A22 as the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion to β-glucogallin.…”

“…Selenium is an indispensable micronutrient of human health and is at the center of a majority of selenium-dependent enzymes (like thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase), functioning in immune responses or antioxidant defenses, and exerting physiological effects via seleniumcontaining amino acids. 1,2 Nevertheless, owing to the narrower nutritional and toxicity boundaries of selenium, excessive selenium can result in skin damage, paralysis, and neurological disorders, and a safe and appropriate daily intake of selenium should be maintained. 3 The World Health Organization (WHO) advises a safe and appropriate selenium intake of 50−400 μg day −1 .…”