Abstract:This study aimed at investigating the effect of electrical current profile upon the iontophoretic transport of (i) ascorbic acid (AA) and (ii) ellagic acid (EA), into porcine skin in vitro, and the impact of the physicochemical properties of both actives on their mechanism of transport when formulated in cosmetic compositions. The experiments were performed using a proprietary iontophoretic device containing a roller to apply the formulation. Three current profiles were tested: (i) galvanic direct current (DC)… Show more
“…The polarization of skin caused by osmotic therapy inevitably reduces its efficiency over time. Cazares-Delgadillo et al [ 6 ] used different types of currents (DC, square unipolar pulse current (SPC), DC + pulse current (PC)) to perform skin experiments on cosmetics (ascorbic acid (AA) and ellagic acid (EA)). The current waveform is shown in Fig.…”
Section: Tdds Of Micro-current Stimulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As shown in the Fig. 5 b, when the EA solution pH is 7, the EA molecules are mainly negatively charged, which increases compared to the amount of pH 4 [ 6 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Tdds Of Micro-current Stimulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 5 a Deposited amount of AA obtained with AA Formula 1 (5%) and AA Formula 2 (10%) at each current profile (0.2 mA/cm 2 ) for 5 min iontophoresis ( n = 6) [ 6 ]. b Comparison of the deposition of 0.2% EA solution at pH 4.0 and pH 7.0 at 0.3 mA/cm 2 , applied for 10 min and 20 min iontophoresis.…”
Section: Tdds Of Micro-current Stimulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…b Comparison of the deposition of 0.2% EA solution at pH 4.0 and pH 7.0 at 0.3 mA/cm 2 , applied for 10 min and 20 min iontophoresis. (l) Scanning electron microscope image of flufenamic acid-loaded FA-PLGA nanoparticles [ 6 ]. c Negative polarity current profiles, galvanic DC [ 6 ].…”
Section: Tdds Of Micro-current Stimulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(l) Scanning electron microscope image of flufenamic acid-loaded FA-PLGA nanoparticles [ 6 ]. c Negative polarity current profiles, galvanic DC [ 6 ]. d Negative polarity current profiles, from left to right are galvanic direct current and pulse current (DC + PC), and SPC [ 6 ].…”
Section: Tdds Of Micro-current Stimulationmentioning
Skin is the largest organ in the body, and directly contact with the external environment. Articles on the role of micro-current and skin have emerged in recent years. The function of micro-current is various, including introducing various drugs into the skin locally or throughout the body, stimulating skin wounds healing through various currents, suppressing pain caused by various diseases, and promoting blood circulation for postoperative muscle rehabilitation, etc. This article reviews these efforts. Compared with various physical and chemical medical therapies, micro-current stimulation provides a relatively safe, non-invasive therapy with few side effects, giving modern medicine a more suitable treatment option. At the same time, the cost of the electrical stimulation generating device is relatively low, which makes it have wider space to and more clinical application value. The current micro-current stimulation technology has become more and more mature, but there are still many problems in its research. The design of the experiment and the selection of the current parameters not standardized and rigorous. Now, clear regulations are needed to regulate this field. Micro-current skin therapy has become a robust, reliable, and well-structured system
Graphic Abstract
“…The polarization of skin caused by osmotic therapy inevitably reduces its efficiency over time. Cazares-Delgadillo et al [ 6 ] used different types of currents (DC, square unipolar pulse current (SPC), DC + pulse current (PC)) to perform skin experiments on cosmetics (ascorbic acid (AA) and ellagic acid (EA)). The current waveform is shown in Fig.…”
Section: Tdds Of Micro-current Stimulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As shown in the Fig. 5 b, when the EA solution pH is 7, the EA molecules are mainly negatively charged, which increases compared to the amount of pH 4 [ 6 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Tdds Of Micro-current Stimulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 5 a Deposited amount of AA obtained with AA Formula 1 (5%) and AA Formula 2 (10%) at each current profile (0.2 mA/cm 2 ) for 5 min iontophoresis ( n = 6) [ 6 ]. b Comparison of the deposition of 0.2% EA solution at pH 4.0 and pH 7.0 at 0.3 mA/cm 2 , applied for 10 min and 20 min iontophoresis.…”
Section: Tdds Of Micro-current Stimulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…b Comparison of the deposition of 0.2% EA solution at pH 4.0 and pH 7.0 at 0.3 mA/cm 2 , applied for 10 min and 20 min iontophoresis. (l) Scanning electron microscope image of flufenamic acid-loaded FA-PLGA nanoparticles [ 6 ]. c Negative polarity current profiles, galvanic DC [ 6 ].…”
Section: Tdds Of Micro-current Stimulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(l) Scanning electron microscope image of flufenamic acid-loaded FA-PLGA nanoparticles [ 6 ]. c Negative polarity current profiles, galvanic DC [ 6 ]. d Negative polarity current profiles, from left to right are galvanic direct current and pulse current (DC + PC), and SPC [ 6 ].…”
Section: Tdds Of Micro-current Stimulationmentioning
Skin is the largest organ in the body, and directly contact with the external environment. Articles on the role of micro-current and skin have emerged in recent years. The function of micro-current is various, including introducing various drugs into the skin locally or throughout the body, stimulating skin wounds healing through various currents, suppressing pain caused by various diseases, and promoting blood circulation for postoperative muscle rehabilitation, etc. This article reviews these efforts. Compared with various physical and chemical medical therapies, micro-current stimulation provides a relatively safe, non-invasive therapy with few side effects, giving modern medicine a more suitable treatment option. At the same time, the cost of the electrical stimulation generating device is relatively low, which makes it have wider space to and more clinical application value. The current micro-current stimulation technology has become more and more mature, but there are still many problems in its research. The design of the experiment and the selection of the current parameters not standardized and rigorous. Now, clear regulations are needed to regulate this field. Micro-current skin therapy has become a robust, reliable, and well-structured system
Graphic Abstract
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