Investigation of diesel-ethanol blended fuel properties with palm methyl ester as co-solvent and blends enhancer

Taib, Norhidayah Mat; Mansor, Mohd Radzi Abu; Mahmood, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan; Shah, Fais Ahmad; Abdullah, Nik Rosli

doi:10.1051/matecconf/20179001080

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Additionally, the low viscosity and surface tension of ethanol result in a better fuel spray and smaller droplet sizes, which improve the homogeneity of the mixing process. Taib et al reported that the water in biofuels evaporates during combustion, increasing the BTE of the engine. This is due to a decrease in combustion temperature and a decrease in the heating value of the fuel.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Effect of a Diesel–Refined Crude Palm Oil Methyl Ester–Hydrous Ethanol Blend on the Performance and Emissions of an Unmodified Direct Injection Diesel Engine

2023

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In this research, the optimum condition for the production of refined crude palm oil methyl ester from refined crude palm oil was investigated using the response surface method via the transesterification reaction in a batch process. The refined crude palm oil was obtained by vacuum distillation of crude palm oil to extract some of the free fatty acids from the oil, providing nutritional benefits and reducing the chemical consumption of the production process. The purity of methyl ester in the refined crude palm oil methyl ester was studied to adjust four independent variables: methanol content (11–23 vol %), concentration of potassium hydroxide (4–12 g/L), stirrer speed (100–500 rpm), and reaction time (9–45 min). The results showed that methyl ester had a purity of 96.91 wt % when synthesized under optimal conditions of 18.2 vol % methanol, a potassium hydroxide concentration of 10.0 g/L, a stirring speed of 380 rpm, and a reaction time of 36.4 min at 60 °C. Refined crude palm oil methyl ester was blended with diesel and ethanol to study the feasibility of using the diesel–refined crude palm oil methyl ester–hydrous ethanol blend in an unmodified diesel engine. A comparative study of fuel properties, emissions, and performance of the diesel–refined crude palm oil methyl ester–ethanol blend was used to assess the feasibility of fuel blends (D40RM50E10, D30RM60E10, D20RM70E10, and D10RM80E10) in diesel engines at various engine speeds and loads. The results showed that the D40RM50E10 blend provided the closest performance to diesel and was environmentally friendly, as it provided nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide emissions 32 and 55% lower than those with diesel, respectively. The test results indicated that the diesel–refined crude palm oil methyl ester–hydrous ethanol blend is an attractive alternative fuel in agricultural engines that reduces diesel consumption and benefits farmers and rural communities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Effect of a Diesel–Refined Crude Palm Oil Methyl Ester–Hydrous Ethanol Blend on the Performance and Emissions of an Unmodified Direct Injection Diesel Engine

2023

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“…This estimated figure was below half the actual consumption reported by the company. For the Malaysia case, a consumption of 21.9 L/100 km was estimated using B7 diesel (density 0.8314 kg/L and energy content 42.94 MJ/kg [70,71]). This estimated figure was not very far from the actual consumption since the journey was performed by motorways in slightly rugged terrain.…”

Section: Tank-to-wheels Analysis For Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of palm biodiesel, an average 79 km distance was assumed for the transport of the palm fruit from the crops to the extraction plants [80], 41 km from these plants to the refineries [81], and 25 km from these refineries to the B7 diesel storage and distribution terminals. The proportion of the two types of fuel was calculated considering the densities for the fossil diesel of 0.828 kg/L and 0.875 kg/L for the palm oil biodiesel [71].…”

Section: Well-to-tank Analysis For Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well-to-Wheels Approach for the Environmental Impact Assessment of Road Freight Services

2018

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The diffuse nature of road transport and the heterogeneity of heavy vehicles have hindered the implementation of emissions accounting systems. Even though there are emission factors in well-known databases, these factors have commonly been designed in industrialized countries, which might have geography, type of roads, and operating conditions different to other countries. This paper proposes a method for the energy consumption and emissions estimation based on vehicle operating conditions in regions with different topology, such as Colombia, Malaysia, and Spain, as case studies. Moreover, the environmental impacts of fuel production in each country are calculated. The diesel consumption on mountainous roads for a full loaded rigid truck in Colombia was 45 L/100 km, compared to averages between 22–26 L/100 km from other sources usually applied. In contrast, the diesel consumption for an articulated truck on a hilly road in Spain from both the proposed method and generic databases coincided in 31 L/100 km. The vehicle speed, load, and road gradient also generated large variations up to 145% in the air pollutants’ estimation. This study contributes to the need for more research about emission factors and tools that facilitate and reduce uncertainty in the environmental accounting in freight companies in different geographies.

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“…Therefore, the most suitable and economical way to improve palm oil biodiesel and engine performance is adding with appropriate use of additives. This technology is safely adopted in diesel engine are widely researched and developed [9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Emission of Palm Oil Methyl Ester Biodiesel with Various Additives in Direct Injection Diesel Engine

Linn¹,

Mansor²

2020

ARMS

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Biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel for the diesel engine and have a good combustion characteristic because of their longchain hydrocarbon structure. However, biodiesel possesses few disadvantages such as lower heating value, higher viscosity, higher density and will contribute to several engine problems such as low atomization during injection and carbon deposit formation. There are many types of additives on the market but the extent of the additives on engine performance is unknown and only several researches has been done in studying the performance, emissions and fuel consumption of 100% palm oil methyl ester (B100 biodiesel). In this study, there is five type of B100 biodiesel. The objectives of this research are to identify individual composition in each biodiesel samples, such as the identification of additives and fatty acids methyl esters using gas chromatography (GC-FID). The experimental measurements of density, viscosity and calorific value of B100 biodiesel were conducted. The results showed that a blend of biodiesel with diethyl ether and n-butanol has the closest calorific value to fuel diesel followed by the combination additives of ethanol, butanol and methyl pyrrolidone. Engine performance and emission were also investigated by determining the BSFC, BTE and CO, HC, and NOx gas emissions by simulation using CONVERGE CFD software based on single-cylinder, direct injection YANMAR TF90 diesel engine parameters. Performance results show that the combination of diethyl ether and n-butanol as an additive with crude palm oil will give a higher brake power and lower NOx and brake specific fuel consumption among all samples. The emission studies revealed that the addition of n-butanol additive can reduce carbon monoxides (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM) emission while diethyl ether can improve the spray characteristics when it blends with B100 biodiesel due to its low density and viscosity.

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Investigation of diesel-ethanol blended fuel properties with palm methyl ester as co-solvent and blends enhancer

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Investigating the Effect of a Diesel–Refined Crude Palm Oil Methyl Ester–Hydrous Ethanol Blend on the Performance and Emissions of an Unmodified Direct Injection Diesel Engine

Investigating the Effect of a Diesel–Refined Crude Palm Oil Methyl Ester–Hydrous Ethanol Blend on the Performance and Emissions of an Unmodified Direct Injection Diesel Engine

Well-to-Wheels Approach for the Environmental Impact Assessment of Road Freight Services

Performance and Emission of Palm Oil Methyl Ester Biodiesel with Various Additives in Direct Injection Diesel Engine

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