“…The reason for the blue shift of the energy band gap is attributed to the spin-exchange interaction between Fe 3+ and Nd 3+ ions, the crystalline size, the number of impurities and the ionic radius of the doping material. [33][34][35] Magnetic properties.-Figures 10 and 11 show the M-H hysteresis loops recorded at 3 K and 300 K to characterise the magnetic properties of the doped and undoped Co 0.4 Cd 0.6 Nd x Fe 2−x O 4 samples, where X = 0.000, 0.003, 0.005, 0.007, 0.009 and 0.011. All samples exhibit pronounced ferromagnetic behaviour.…”
Nanoscale particles of neodymium-substituted cobalt-cadmium generic formula for nanoferrite Co0.4Cd0.6NdxFe2−xO4 samples at X = 0.000, 0.003, 0.005, 0.007, 0.009, and 0.011 were studied. The prepared powders were synthesised at low temperatures using citrate gel auto-combustion process. The synthesised powders were calcined at 500 °C for four hours. The morphological properties of the sintered powders were investigated, and their crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD peaks confirmed the spinel ferrite structure. The lattice parameter was calculated from the XRD and showed decreasing trends with 8.442 to 8.308. SEM revealed an irregularly-shaped grain morphology with a homogeneous distribution. Raman spectroscopy analysis showed slight frequency changes in the Raman modes in doped samples, attributed to variations in the cation distribution. The peaks are located at 191, 291, 461, 591, and 671 cm−1. UV spectroscopy studies showed that the energy band gap values decrease with increasing Nd3+ concentration. Direct optical band gap values obtained were 1.238, 1.248, 1.199, 1.135, 1.134, and 1.101 eV with increasing Nd doping. The magnetic hysteresis properties were determined using a SQUID-VSM magnetometer. The hysteresis curves of Co0.4Cd0.6NdxFe2−xO4 nanoparticles show an increase in coercivity with increasing doping concentration. This enhancement is attributed to the multi-domain behaviour.
“…The reason for the blue shift of the energy band gap is attributed to the spin-exchange interaction between Fe 3+ and Nd 3+ ions, the crystalline size, the number of impurities and the ionic radius of the doping material. [33][34][35] Magnetic properties.-Figures 10 and 11 show the M-H hysteresis loops recorded at 3 K and 300 K to characterise the magnetic properties of the doped and undoped Co 0.4 Cd 0.6 Nd x Fe 2−x O 4 samples, where X = 0.000, 0.003, 0.005, 0.007, 0.009 and 0.011. All samples exhibit pronounced ferromagnetic behaviour.…”
Nanoscale particles of neodymium-substituted cobalt-cadmium generic formula for nanoferrite Co0.4Cd0.6NdxFe2−xO4 samples at X = 0.000, 0.003, 0.005, 0.007, 0.009, and 0.011 were studied. The prepared powders were synthesised at low temperatures using citrate gel auto-combustion process. The synthesised powders were calcined at 500 °C for four hours. The morphological properties of the sintered powders were investigated, and their crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD peaks confirmed the spinel ferrite structure. The lattice parameter was calculated from the XRD and showed decreasing trends with 8.442 to 8.308. SEM revealed an irregularly-shaped grain morphology with a homogeneous distribution. Raman spectroscopy analysis showed slight frequency changes in the Raman modes in doped samples, attributed to variations in the cation distribution. The peaks are located at 191, 291, 461, 591, and 671 cm−1. UV spectroscopy studies showed that the energy band gap values decrease with increasing Nd3+ concentration. Direct optical band gap values obtained were 1.238, 1.248, 1.199, 1.135, 1.134, and 1.101 eV with increasing Nd doping. The magnetic hysteresis properties were determined using a SQUID-VSM magnetometer. The hysteresis curves of Co0.4Cd0.6NdxFe2−xO4 nanoparticles show an increase in coercivity with increasing doping concentration. This enhancement is attributed to the multi-domain behaviour.
“…The symmetrical stretching of the carboxyl group is observed at the bands around 1348.24 cm −1 . The C–O stretching group is associated with 1064.71 cm −1 and C–C benzene ring vibration is associated with 861.47 cm −1 [ 34 , 35 ]. Fig.…”
“…63 For example, with addition of Cu 2+ ions in Mn-Zn nano ferrites, the increase in mobility charge carrier concentration was observed; which corresponds to an increase in conductivity. 64 It is well also known that, Cr 3+ ions exclusively occupy the octahedral B-sites of the cubic spinels, while Fe ions can occupy both the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. 45 In this work, the FTIR band (ν 2 in the range of 447-487 cm −1 ) shifts to the high frequency with increase in Cr 3+ ion concentration x, revealing the occupancy of Cr 3+ ions at octahedral site (B-site), (Fig.…”
Ferrite nanoparticles are interesting materials given their unique physical and chemical properties and wide applications. A novel electrochemical sensor based on a series of chromium-nano-ferrites {Fe3+[Fe2+Fe3+(1-x)Cr3+x]O4; x (0.0 – 1.0} was fabricated for determination of Asenapine maleate (ASE.M). X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of crystallite nano-particles of lattice constant of (8.299-8.345 Å) with a single phase of cubic inverse spinel structures. Particle size and specific surface area were (9.10-27.60 nm) and (60-175 m2g-1) using tunneling electron microscopy and Brunnauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, respectively. Among this CrxFe(3-x)O4 series, (CrFe2O4; x=1) was appeared to get the smallest particles size and highest BET surface area. The charge transfer resistance (RCT) of (2220, 1680, 765, and 490 Ω) were achieved for CrxFe(3-x)O4 NPs/CPE (x = 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0), respectively. CrFe2O4 performance was then improved via incorporation of 2D-graphene atomic crystals in a new ferrite-graphene nanocomposite of [0.25%(w/w) CrFe2O4 NPs : 7%(w/w) graphene nanosheets]. The feasibility of this sensor is achieved for determination of ASE.M in brand Saphris® and local Asenapine pharmaceutical products. In addition, a wide linear concentration range of (6.5×10-9 - 1.0×10-6 M) with LOD value of 8.88×10−10 M were achieved in human plasma.
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