Investigation of defect, mechanical, thermal properties and refractive index on an Er:LuYSGG mixed laser crystal

2.79 μm laser performance of a 968 nm LD side-pumped Er:LuYSGG mixed crystal

“…In recent years, Er:LuYSGG crystals have been investigated as an excellent potential mid-infrared laser material. 22,28 In our previous work, a maximum output power of 909 mW was obtained on the Er:LuYSGG crystal under 973 nm LD end-pumping. 28 However, to date, there is no report focusing on the LD side-pumped Er:LuYSGG crystal.…”

“…21 However, according to crystal growth experience, the crystal with a co-doped sensitizer ion is relatively easier to crack during the crystal growth process, and this may be due to the participation of doping ions increasing the lattice distortion inside the crystal, which will weaken the interaction force between particles. 22 With the development of laser diodes (LDs), the Er 3+ -ions can be directly pumped into the laser upper level 4 I 11/2 by the commercial ∼970 nm LD to generate a 2.7-3 μm laser, which is beneficial to improve the energy utilization efficiency. In 2021, Hu et al realized a maximum output power of 1.37 W and slope efficiency of 23.62% on the 30 at% Er:YSGG crystal with an LD end-pumped system.…”

“…21 However, according to crystal growth experience, the crystal with a co-doped sensitizer ion is relatively easier to crack during the crystal growth process, and this may be due to the participation of doping ions increasing the lattice distortion inside the crystal, which will weaken the interaction force between particles. 22…”

Temperature distribution and the laser performance of LD end-pumped LuYSGG/Er:LuYSGG composite crystal

“…For example, the thermal conductivity of LuYSGG crystals changes from 4.79 to 3.42 W m −1 K −1 when the doping concentration of Er 3+ increases from 0 to 30 at%. 23,24…”

“…Partial thermodynamic properties of 30 at% of Er:LuYSGG and pure LuYSGG used in the thermal simulation23,24 …”