Investigation of cultivated lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.) extraction and its extracts

Abstract

Image analysis is an appropriate tool to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively the corrosion behavior in aluminum matrix composites. Localized corrosion (pitting) of these composites can be explained by calculating the amplitude of the developed pits as well as their depth 1-5 .The growth of pits in samples of an aluminum alloy reinforced with intermetallic particles in marine solutions was studied in the present contribution. Localized corrosion was assessed by cyclic polarization tests and the microstructure of corroded samples was carried out using a JEOL 6300 SEM and Visilog 5.0 image analysis software. The corroded samples were examined using both backscattered electron (BSE) and secondary electron (SE) imaging modes. The SE imaging ( Fig. 1.) allowed quantifying the dimensions of the pits that are presented on the samples. The BSE imaging (Fig. 3.) allowed determining pit depths in the cross-sectional corroded samples.We show the development of a method of image analysis that allow us: 1-Quantify the dimensions of the developed pits, Fig. 1. For these propose, we will employ the command Area of Interest Measurement (AOIM), selecting the interested area on the sample, Fig. 2. With the statistical and mathematical tools is possible to calculate the area and perimeter of the pit that corresponds to an area of 2217.90 µm 2 and a perimeter of 1004.29 µm of a total area of 512 x 368 pixels or 188416 µm 2 (calibration parameter: 51 pixels = 50 µm). We can employ the command Measure to calculate the amplitude of the pit. We calculated several diameters that include the pit (d1 = 45 µm, d2= 45 µm, d3= 47 µm, d4 = 58 µm and d5 = 50 µm) and finally the average diameter can be calculated: d = 45 µm, Fig. 2.2-Determine pit depth of corroded samples. The employed tools are basically the same, but in this case we will analyze the BSE image of a cross-section of the sample, Fig. 3. We select the pit zone and apply the AOIM command to select the area of study, Fig. 4. As a result we obtain a pit depth of 70 µm.

Supercritical CO2Extraction ofLavandula angustifoliaMill. Flowers: Optimisation of Oxygenated Monoterpenes, Coumarin and Herniarin Content

“…Other previous studies showed very similar results related to the extraction yield as in the present research. For example, Nađalin et al () obtained an extraction yield increase from 5.16 to 7.08 g/100 g applying a pressure from 10 to 30 MPa at 40°C, which is expected as with the increase of pressure, the density of the extractant also increases and thus the polarity of the solvent or the dielectric constant, i.e. the dissolving power of the extractant.…”

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Allium ursinum: Impact of Temperature and Pressure on the Extracts Chemical Profile

“…These properties of supercritical fluids enable selective extraction of targeted compounds using simple processes with only one extraction solvent. The SC−CO 2 extraction is an important technique for the extraction of natural compounds, especially when temperature‐unstable natural compounds are present [15,16] . Dominant bioactive compounds of A. ursinum , mainly sulfur‐containing ones, are temperature‐dependent and unstable and that is one of the reasons why SC−CO 2 extraction was selected for the extraction of dried areal parts of A. ursinum in this study.…”

Extraction of sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) by supercritical carbon dioxide

“…The additional advantage is the attainment of extract free from the presence of solvents, hence, purification of extracts is not necessary. Considering the quality of the product, the safety of the process, and market competitiveness, the initial purchase of equipment represents a worthy investment (Nadalin et al, 2014;Sahena et al, 2009;Vladić et al, 2016). In this study, the aim was to compare the efficiency of SC-CO 2 and conventional extraction methods of A. annua in terms of extraction yield and to determine optimal pressure and temperature for obtaining the highest yield.…”