“…The chemical makeup of the chromite ore, feedstock, amount of ash in the coke, and other reducing agents used typically determine this, though ( Dube et al., 2018 ). As a result of its strength, durability, and chemistry, FCS is no longer seen as a waste residue merely to be discarded, but as a potential economic secondary source ( Binici and Aksogan, 2011 ; Bidari and Aghazadeh, 2015 ). Inherently, FCS has drawn interest in the fields of construction, glass ceramics, and recovery of valuable metals.…”