Investigation of Clostridium perfringens in small-scale commercial broiler flocks in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh

Abstract

Background and Aim: Necrotic enteritis (NE) is one of the most prevalent diseases in broiler poultry caused by Clostridium perfringens connected with significant economic losses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh to assess the prevalence of C. perfringens through toxinotyping molecular assay and confirm the risk factors for NE, including antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) status of the isolates. Materials and Methods: We included 40 small-scale commercial broiler farms randomly selected from two subdistricts of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. As an individual sample, 240 cloacal swabs, and as a pooled sample, 40 drinking water, 40 workers' hand washing, 40 litter swab, and 40 feed samples were collected and evaluated by culture, biochemical, and molecular assays. A pretested semi-structured interview questionnaire was employed to capture flock-level data on risk factors from the farm owners. The flock-level data on risk factors were assessed through univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses with p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Overall flock-level prevalence of C. perfringens was estimated to be 10.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.5- 13.6%). Litter swab (pooled) was found to be highly contaminated with C. perfringens (25.0%, 95% CI: 12.7-41.2%) followed by the cloacal swab (10.4%, 95% CI: 6.9-15.0%) and feed sample (5.0%, 95% CI: 0.6-16.9%). History of coccidia infection (Adjusted odds ratio =33.01, 95% CI: 2.14-507.59, p=0.01) was significantly associated with flock-level C. perfringens infection status. In this study, 78.1% isolates were found as multidrug-resistant as they demonstrated resistance to 3-5 antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: Evidence-based control options need to be taken through the uses of prebiotics and probiotics, biosecurity, and hygienic measurement, including control of coccidia infection, is needed to lessen the NE infection and AMR related to this pathogen in small-scale commercial broiler poultry.

Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens in layer flocks of selected districts in Bangladesh: molecular typing, antimicrobial susceptibility

“…These study findings could not compare explicitly in country context due to the lack of substantial reference data on the prevalence rate of NE layer chicken in Bangladesh. However, a recent study confirmed a flock level prevalence of C. perfringens as 10.3% in broiler chicken (Tresha et al, 2021). Additionally, a few past studies established the incidence rate of C. perfringens that varies from 0.4 to 1% based on clinical findings and post mortem lesions (Hossain et al, 2012;Islam et al, 2003).…”

Toxin-producing Clostridium perfringens in cooked cereal food in restaurants in Bangladesh

“…Total genomic DNA was extracted from pure colonies of the bacteria using the Total DNA Extraction Kit as described by Tresha et al (2021). The size (236 bp of the beta toxin of C. perfringens) of the target gene (CPB gene) was amplified and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out in a Thermal Cycler (2720 Thermal Cycler; Applied Biosystem).…”

Recent trends and scenario of antibiotic use in veterinary practices for livestock production in Bangladesh: a review

“…The improper antimicrobial drug used for humans is diffusive in developing countries and is a significant contributor to growing the public health threat of AMR-resistant bacteria (Roess et al, 2013). In recent years, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in animals and poultry is thought to be an important factor to develop of AMR Al-Salauddin et al, 2015;Sohidullah et al, 2016;Rahman et al, 2016;Talukder and Ahmed, 2016;Roy et al, 2017;Jahan et al, 2017;Kabir et al, 2018a;Kabir et al, 2018b;Kamal et al, 2018;Alam et al, 2019;Rumi et al, 2019;Saif et al, 2019;Masud et al, 2020;Alam et al, 2020;Sarker et al, 2020;Mridha et al, 2020;Matubber et al, 2021;Uddin et al, 2021;Tresha et al, 2021;Eashmen et al, 2021;Haque et al, 2021;Hosain et al, 2021;Arif et al, 2022;Hoque et al, 2022). In Bangladesh, the most common reason for choosing an antimicrobial is personal experience and perception (68%), rather than the cultural sensitivity test which may be due to a lack of vet diagnostic facilities and the unwillingness of the veterinary personnel (Pokharel et al, 2020).…”