Investigation of Chlorpyrifos and Its Transformation Products in Fruits and Spices by Combining Electrochemistry and Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Mekonnen, Tessema Fenta; Byrne, Liam; Panne, Ulrich; Koch, Matthias

doi:10.1007/s12161-018-1245-7

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Nevertheless, several regulations do not require the inclusion of maximum residual levels of TPs in food and environmental risk assessments. Hence, little is known about TPs and their formation mechanisms regardless of their frequent occurrence in food products [ 47 , 48 ], water bodies [ 49 ], and animals [ 50 , 51 ]. One of the many reasons is the lack of authentic standards of TPs.…”

Section: Transformation Processes Of Selected Compound Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, EC uses environmental friendly reagents like water as a source of hydrogen or hydroxyl, molecular oxygen for oxidation or CO 2 for carboxylation processes [ 64 ]. Inline of this, Mekonnen et al [ 48 ] have been synthesized reference standards of TPs (nonfractionated) using BDD (boron-doped diamond) electrode for unbiased authentication of chlorpyrifos metabolites in foodstuff. Meanwhile, the EC/MS approach has limitations on stereoselectivity and representation of all enzymatic processes [ 54 ].…”

Section: Transformation Processes Of Selected Compound Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the EC/MS approach has limitations on stereoselectivity and representation of all enzymatic processes [ 54 ]. However, this method could be an advantage in future to synthesize both metabolites and abiotic TP reference standards at the same time [ 48 ].…”

Section: Transformation Processes Of Selected Compound Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transformation Products of Organic Contaminants and Residues—Overview of Current Simulation Methods

et al. 2019

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The formation of transformation products (TPs) from contaminants and residues is becoming an increasing focus of scientific community. All organic compounds can form different TPs, thus demonstrating the complexity and interdisciplinarity of this topic. The properties of TPs could stand in relation to the unchanged substance or be more harmful and persistent. To get important information about the generated TPs, methods are needed to simulate natural and manmade transformation processes. Current tools are based on metabolism studies, photochemical methods, electrochemical methods, and Fenton's reagent. Finally, most transformation processes are based on redox reactions. This review aims to compare these methods for structurally different compounds. The groups of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, brominated flame retardants, and mycotoxins were selected as important residues/contaminants relating to their worldwide occurrence and impact to health, food, and environmental safety issues. Thus, there is an increasing need for investigation of transformation processes and identification of TPs by fast and reliable methods.

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Section: Transformation Processes Of Selected Compound Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transformation Processes Of Selected Compound Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transformation Products of Organic Contaminants and Residues—Overview of Current Simulation Methods

et al. 2019

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“…In the first step, metabolites are extracted using either a polar solvent, such as acetonitrile, methanol or their mixture with water; alternatively, the “Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe” (QuEChERS) method or liquid–solid extraction are widely used for isolation of pesticide metabolites from grape samples. In the second step, a clean-up by dispersive solid phase extraction is often performed, using sorbents such as primary secondary amines (PSA), octadecyl sorbent (C18) or graphitized carbon black (GCB) [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In the recent studies, solid–phase extraction using Hydrophilic-Lipophilic-Balanced (HLB) sorbent or direct injection were employed for isolation of pesticide metabolites from wine samples [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Residues and Their Metabolites in Grapes and Wines from Conventional and Organic Farming System

Schusterova

Hajšlová

Kocourek

et al. 2021

Foods

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In this study, the occurrence of pesticide residues and their metabolites in grapes and wines was investigated. A targeted analysis of 406 pesticide residues in 49 wine and grape samples from organic and conventional production were performed using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction method, followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Multiple residues (>4 residues/sample) were detected in 22 tested samples. The most commonly detected residues were fungicides (e.g., boscalid) and insecticides (e.g., methoxyfenozide). An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry method (UHPLC–(HR)MS) was used for screening of pesticide metabolites. We also provide a method and database for detecting pesticide metabolites (extending our previously published database to 49 metabolites originating from 25 pesticides). An introduced strategy of targeted screening of pesticide metabolites was applied for authentication of 27 organic grapes and wines. In total, 23 samples were free of quantifiable residues/detected metabolites or contained residues approved for organic production.

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“…However, monitoring the transformation products of pesticides is one of the greatest analytical challenges from two perspectives. The first challenge is the shortage of commercially available authentic transformation product standards [ 11 ]. Secondly, different transformation sources cause different degradation processes and types of transformation products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Photodegradation Products of the Fungicide Fluopyram: Structural Elucidation and Mechanism Identification

2018

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Identifying the fate of agrochemicals is important to understand their potential risk for living organisms. We report here new photodegradation products (PPs) of the fungicide fluopyram. The PPs were produced by irradiating a fluopyram standard in 0.1% acetonitrile aqueous media by a 150-W medium pressure Hg-lamp that emits wavelengths between 200–280 nm. The structural elucidation of PPs was achieved by combining the retention time, isotopic pattern, targeted fragmentation, and accurate mass measurements using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high resolution-MS (HRMS). In addition to previously known PPs, seven new PPs of fluopyram were identified in this work: mainly dihydroxyl and hydroxylimide fluopyram as well as mono, di, and trihydroxyl lactam. Additionally, two PPs were found to be formed by rearrangement after the loss of H2C=CH2. Hence, the results of the work contribute to extending the current knowledge regarding the photoinduced fate of agrochemicals, and fluopyram in particular.

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Investigation of Chlorpyrifos and Its Transformation Products in Fruits and Spices by Combining Electrochemistry and Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Transformation Products of Organic Contaminants and Residues—Overview of Current Simulation Methods

Transformation Products of Organic Contaminants and Residues—Overview of Current Simulation Methods

Pesticide Residues and Their Metabolites in Grapes and Wines from Conventional and Organic Farming System

New Photodegradation Products of the Fungicide Fluopyram: Structural Elucidation and Mechanism Identification

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