Investigation of chlorine wall decay in an old, decommissioned metallic pipe using a pipe section reactor

Tonev, R.; Dimova, Galina

doi:10.2166/ws.2020.017

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The usual explanation for this is that chlorine decay rate may be influenced by chlorine concentration and Natural Organic Matter. A similar conclusion was also reached by Tonev & Dimova (2020) that investigated the chlorine wall decay in an old decommissioned metallic pipe using a pipe section reactor. A Series of experiments were performed with different initial chlorine concentrations in the range 0.30 to 1.80 mg/L.…”

Section: Scenariossupporting

confidence: 74%

Impact of pipe material on the wall reaction coefficients and its application in the rehabilitation of water supply system of San Pedro Nexapa, State of Mexico

et al. 2022

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One of the major challenges faced by water companies around the world is the high level of chlorine losses in distribution networks. This paper presents an experimental study to examine chlorine loss in different types of pipe materials and select the ones with low chlorine demand for the rehabilitation of the water distribution network of San Pedro Nexapa, State of Mexico. The materials investigated include: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), galvanized steel (GS), polypropylene (PP) and highdensity polyethylene (HDPE). A 24-h chlorine consumption study was performed in a simulated water distribution network to assess the impact of wall reaction coefficient on chlorine decay. Four sets of independent pipe loops of 50 mm in diameter and 12 m in length were used. Two different scenarios were considered based on different initial chlorine concentration (1.21 mg/L and 1.60 mg/L). Samples were collected at each loop in two hour intervals and physicochemical analyses were conducted. Results from the experimental distribution network showed that the wall coefficient values for GS, HDPE, PP and PVC were 0.165 h−1, 0.059 h−1, 0.043 h−1 and 0.026 h−1, respectively. Experimental results showed that wall reaction coefficient values depend on initial chlorine concentration and the characteristics of pipe material. The rate of free chlorine decay was found to be faster in Steel pipe and slower in the plastic pipes. Based on its lowest chlorine demand compared to the other pipes, PVC pipe would be selected to rehabilitate Nexapa water distribution network, State of Mexico. The wall coefficients from the experimental study were incorporated into EPANET through four simulation runs to predict chorine decay of San Pedro Nexapa water distribution network, State of Mexico. In the PVC and PP pipes higher residual chlorine concentrations were observed that ranged from 0.30 to 0.90 mg/L and 0.50 to 0.95 mg/L, respectively. This study is important for utilities to operate their system effectively and protect public health.

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Section: Scenariossupporting

confidence: 74%

Impact of pipe material on the wall reaction coefficients and its application in the rehabilitation of water supply system of San Pedro Nexapa, State of Mexico

et al. 2022

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“…Similar to section 2.2, to consider the interaction influence between multiple factors, the RSM was used for fitting the multivariate relationship between k and three factors: T, C 02 and pH, to obtain more precise results, 12 i.e. K = Θ(T, pH, C 02 ) × K bulk (15) which was the residual chlorine decay correction coefficient expression in the pipe network decay stage. Θ(T, pH, C 02 ) was the multivariate correction coefficients of T, pH and C 02 .…”

Section: Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Then, the RSM (response surface method) was raised in 2018 to integrate the effects of TOC, initial residual chlorine concentration ( C 0 , including C 01 and C 02 ), and pH to further improve the correction coefficient's accuracy. 12 Additionally, the influences of secondary chlorine, 13 the hydraulic model 14 and the wall decay coefficient 15 on residual chlorine decay have attracted much attention recently. Therefore, both the theoretical system and engineering application have been becoming increasingly robust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved VRC-3R⁻ model for bulk water residual chlorine decay in the UV/Cl₂ process for a water distribution network

Wang

Peng

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…8). Regardless of the oxygen content and pH of the water, according to research by Vasconcelos et al (1996) and Tonev et al (2020) in the case of cast iron pipes, a signifi cant portion of the free chlorine is devoured by ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ) in the form of hypochloric acid (HCIO).…”

Section: Chlorine Concentration In the Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorine Decay Modeling in a Water Distribution Network in Mohammedia City, Morocco

Belcaid¹,

Taghlabi²,

Tounssi³

2023

Ecol. Eng. Environ. Technol.

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Water quality modeling has become a recurring request from drinking water network managers, due to regulatory changes but also to contribute to all users' satisfaction with the taste of the water. The objective of this research project is to provide network managers, both for the understanding of the phenomena studied and for the technical valuation of the approaches considered, with a new methodology to develop a predicting method for free residual chlorine concentrations using an accurate hydraulic model. The development of the chlorines model needed knowledge of the network's hydraulic behavior. The model established can be used in a proactive and daily mode of operation. It is helpful to show the quality of drinking water, particularly chlorine concentration, during peak demand and the lowest demand times before it is found in the distribution network's district hydraulic part. Based on the results of this simulation, we have identified a low content of free chlorine in the cast iron pipes due to the high consumption of chlorine by the ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ), which generates a significant vulnerability among consumers. The outcomes demonstrated that utility managers may more easily optimize residual chlorine in sizable water distribution networks using the suggested approach.

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Investigation of chlorine wall decay in an old, decommissioned metallic pipe using a pipe section reactor

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Impact of pipe material on the wall reaction coefficients and its application in the rehabilitation of water supply system of San Pedro Nexapa, State of Mexico

Impact of pipe material on the wall reaction coefficients and its application in the rehabilitation of water supply system of San Pedro Nexapa, State of Mexico

Improved VRC-3R⁻ model for bulk water residual chlorine decay in the UV/Cl₂ process for a water distribution network

Chlorine Decay Modeling in a Water Distribution Network in Mohammedia City, Morocco

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Investigation of chlorine wall decay in an old, decommissioned metallic pipe using a pipe section reactor

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Impact of pipe material on the wall reaction coefficients and its application in the rehabilitation of water supply system of San Pedro Nexapa, State of Mexico

Impact of pipe material on the wall reaction coefficients and its application in the rehabilitation of water supply system of San Pedro Nexapa, State of Mexico

Improved VRC-3R− model for bulk water residual chlorine decay in the UV/Cl2 process for a water distribution network

Chlorine Decay Modeling in a Water Distribution Network in Mohammedia City, Morocco

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Improved VRC-3R⁻ model for bulk water residual chlorine decay in the UV/Cl₂ process for a water distribution network