Investigation of Cerebral Blood-Flow in Hypertension, Using Radioactive-Xenon Inhalation and Extracranial Recording

Mallett, B. L.; Veall, N.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(63)92116-0

Cited by 85 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The total group was subdi vided into a young group (< 4 0 years) and an old group (> 40 years) at the final investigation. The young group consisted of 7 patients (3 women and 4 men), 33 (range 27-37) years old at the first and 38 (range [36][37][38][39][40] years old at the final investigation. Fifteen patients (3 women and 12 men) were included in the old group with a mean age of 50 years (range 31-60) at the first and 55 years (range at the last investigation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal Study of Dementia of Alzheimer Type in Down's Syndrome

Johanson¹,

Gustafson²,

Brun³

et al. 1991

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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The aim of the study was to elucidate whether clinical progress and neurophysiological changes in patients with Down''s syndrome (DS) are similar to the characteristic findings in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT). Twenty-two DS patients were evaluated in a longitudinal design with rating scales, psychometric testing, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements and EEG. Six deceased patients all showed the Alzheimer type of encephalopathy. Comparisons between the first and final test results indicate that DS patients above 40 years of age displayed a marked decline of scores on rating scales and a progressive cognitive deterioration, involving spatial functions. Furthermore, the older patients showed significant rCBF decreases in parietotemporal areas in both hemispheres together with progressing EEG pathology. It is concluded that elderly patients with DS develop organic dementia with clinical and neuropathological characteristics similar to that in DAT without DS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal Study of Dementia of Alzheimer Type in Down's Syndrome

Johanson¹,

Gustafson²,

Brun³

et al. 1991

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…Although attempted earlier (7), Mallett and Veall (8,9) were the first to undertake a systematic study of regional cerebral blood flow by the inhalation method and to suggest a correction for recirculation, based on isotope concentration in the arterial blood or expired air (10,11). Using m Xe, they performed a two-compartment analysis that yielded lower blood flow values than those usually reported for carotid injection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow by Inhalation of 133-Xenon

Obrist

Thompson

King

et al. 1967

Circulation Research

370

113

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A method for estimating regional cerebral blood flow is described in which tracer amounts of 138 Xe are inhaled for 2 min and monitored extracranially over the next 45 to 60 min. A three-compartment model used to analyze the resulting clearance curves provided separate blood flows for "gray" and "white" matter, plus a decay constant for a slow third component, believed to arise from extracerebral tissue. The analysis included a correction for recirculation of all three components, based on radioisotope concentration of the expired air or arterial blood. Results from the analysis were compared with those obtained by the more traditional two-compartment approach, using data from 15 healthy young males. Whereas the three-compartment method yielded measurements comparable with those obtained by established techniques (average CBF = 54.7 ml/100 g/min), the two-compartment analysis gave consistently lower values (average CBF = 30.2). Comparison of results based on expired air and arterial sampling suggested that end-expiratory air is a reasonable substitute for arterial blood. Although the I3S Xe inhalation method is technically simpler and less traumatic than other methods, complex analytic treatment of the data is necessitated by the presence of appreciable recirculation and extracerebral contamination. • In 1963 Lassen and co-workers (1) introduced a method for measuring regional cerebral blood flow in man that has yielded results (2, 3) consistent with older established techniques. This method involves the extracranial monitoring of an inert, diffusible radioisotope (85-krypton or 133-xenon) injected into the internal carotid artery. The clearance curves so obtained are subjected to a twocompartment analysis (4, 5) in which separate

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“…Two minute slope inhalation techniquefor cerebral bloodflow measurement Wyper, Lennox & Rowan (1976) suggested that the inhalation method of Mallett & Veall (1963) However a subsequent paper by the same authors showed that the arterial concentration function A(t) could be defined in terms of a few specific parameters and that it was possible to solve the above equation in these terms. The two parameters chosen were concentration values of the end tidal air at 0.5 and 1 min to be representative of the rapid early washout of radioactivity from the lungs and the slower washout thereafter.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for assessment of the effect of drugs on cerebral blood flow in man.

1979

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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The cerebral circulation is not an unimportant vascular bed but it is difficult one to investigate. Methodological difficulties are the main reasons for the paucity of clinical pharmacology studies to date. Of the methods currently available those of the McHenry (1964) and Wyper et al. (1976) appear to be the most useful to the clinical investigator. Increasing use of multiple detectors even with inhalation techniques may give evidence of regional drug effects upon the cerebral circulation. Improvements in methodology in the last few years, particularly the development of atraumatic methods are likely to act as an important spur to research in this field.

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Investigation of Cerebral Blood-Flow in Hypertension, Using Radioactive-Xenon Inhalation and Extracranial Recording

Cited by 85 publications

References 5 publications

A Longitudinal Study of Dementia of Alzheimer Type in Down's Syndrome

A Longitudinal Study of Dementia of Alzheimer Type in Down's Syndrome

Determination of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow by Inhalation of 133-Xenon

Methods for assessment of the effect of drugs on cerebral blood flow in man.

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