Investigation of cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate plastics in museum collections using ion chromatography and size exclusion chromatography

Mazurek, Joy; Laganà, Anna; Dion, Vincent; Etyemez, Suzanna; Carta, Carolyn; Schilling, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2018.05.011

Cited by 32 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The anti-halation layer is a proteinaceous matrix with anti-halation dyes (e.g., acid fuchsin or malachite green) that prevents light to be reflected in the emulsion causing a halo effect Table 1 Applications of cellulose nitrate/cellulose acetate according to the nitrogen content/acetyl content and the degree of substitution (DS) [30,34] a Values in italic were used for our case studies: cinematographic films and photographic negatives. In the case of the artworks from José Escada, the injection molding values were considered as the original DS b The degree of substitution can be calculated from the nitrogen and acetyl contents (%) by the following equations [12,35]: DS = 3.60×(% nitrogen ) 31.13−(%nitrogen) ; DS = 162 × 3.86× (% acetyl) 102.4−(% acetyl)…”

Section: Calibration Curves To Measure the Degree Of Substitution Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

A diagnostic tool for assessing the conservation condition of cellulose nitrate and acetate in heritage collections: quantifying the degree of substitution by infrared spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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Cellulose nitrate and acetate are materials at risk in heritage collections because it is not possible to predict the evolution of their conservation state over time. Knowing that the degree of substitution (DS) of these materials correlates with their state of conservation because the fundamental degradation mechanism is hydrolysis, in this work, DS was measured in historical objects and artworks. Infrared spectra were used to develop and optimize calibration curves for cellulose nitrate and acetate references that were next applied to calculate DS values of heritage objects. The extent of hydrolysis measured, with this tool, correlated well with the physical deterioration assessed through the sample hardness (Shore A) which was measured with a Durometer. Calibration curves were optimized in reference materials by Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR-FTIR) and Micro Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (μFTIR). The DS values of the AC reference materials was previously calculated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The calibration curves were obtained plotting DS as a function of the ratio between a reference peak (which does not suffer relevant changes during degradation) and selected peaks that monitor the degradation for cellulose acetate and nitrate polymers (avoiding the interference of plasticizers). The reference peak for both was the COC stretching mode (νCOC). The probe peak was, for cellulose nitrate, the NO 2 asymmetric stretching (ν a NO 2) and, for cellulose acetate, the OH stretching mode (νOH). This ratio was then applied to calculate DS values of historical materials, in good and poor conservation condition; in situ by ATR, and in micro-samples collected from artworks by μFTIR. This selection comprises cinematographic and photographic films dated from the 1890s to the 1960s, and contemporary works of art made with cellulose acetate sheets by Portuguese artist José Escada dated from the 1960s. Finally, by comparison with the original estimated DS values, we show how this tool permits to define the state of degradation of these complex polymer matrixes. Thus, establishing the quantification of the DS as a novel tool to monitor the degradation of cellulose ester plastics, contributing in this way for a sustainable preservation of an irreplaceable heritage.

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Section: Calibration Curves To Measure the Degree Of Substitution Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

A diagnostic tool for assessing the conservation condition of cellulose nitrate and acetate in heritage collections: quantifying the degree of substitution by infrared spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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“…However, cellulose acetate film can be affected by many diseases such as mildew, vinegar syndrome etc. which result from the materials properties and preservation environment [3][4][5][6][7]. White spotted disease is a special disease produced in the cellulose acetate film, often called "microbubble" disease, significantly affects the texture of image and the safety of film (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on microbubble of cellulose acetate microfilm of the Republic of China (AD 1912–1949) collected in the Second Historical Archives of China

Jia

et al. 2020

Herit Sci

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The white spots known as microbubbles that are formed in cellulose acetate film, significantly affects the texture of the image. However, the formation of microbubbles and their corresponding microstructure are poorly understood. In this paper, cellulose acetate microfilm from the Republic of China (AD 1912-1949) collected in the Second Historical Archives of China was chosen as a prototype to investigate the causes of microbubble disease for the first time. A comparative study was conducted between the film samples with and without microbubbles. Herein, the microstructural analyses including optical and SEM microscopy were conducted. The crystals in the microbubbles proved to be triphenyl phosphate as identified by NMR spectroscopy and SEM-EDX. Comparative properties of the film substrate with and without microbubbles were measured by TG, XRD and FT-IR spectroscopy. The results show that formation of microbubbles was generally accompanied with the vinegar syndrome and was produced between the protective and emulsion layers with the different types of shapes along the closed structure (the diameter of ~ 0.1-2 mm). The formed microbubble was filled with plasticizer. Based on the above-mentioned results, the possible formation process of microbubble was proposed in the present study. The results can provide support for the cause of microbubbles and basis for the conservation of photographic films.

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“…Where destructive sampling is possible, small cut samples can also be analysed [98,102]. For both CA and PVC samples, solvent extraction of additives simplifies the sample matrix prior to analysis [79,[103][104][105]. Where quantitative analysis is desired, care should be taken to ensure complete extraction of additives into the solvent, as demonstrated by Kemper et al [79].…”

Section: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods For The Analysis Of Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticiser loss in heritage collections: its prevalence, cause, effect, and methods for analysis

King¹,

Grau-Bové²,

Curran³

2020

Herit Sci

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Plasticiser loss is a topic frequently mentioned in discussions on the degradation of plastic artefacts in museum collections, particularly for plasticised poly (vinyl chloride) and cellulose acetate. Plasticisers may migrate to the plastic’s surface and remain as a deposit, or volatilise into the surrounding environment, both presenting an aesthetic issue and impacting the future stability of the plastic. This paper draws on the work of conservation science, materials degradation, and indoor air quality/emissions studies, to review our current understanding of plasticiser loss. The influence of the material’s intrinsic properties, and environmental factors on migration rates are discussed and related to preventive conservation practices. The methods by which plasticiser migration is studied, including characterisation, are also reviewed, with a particular focus on minimally invasive and non-destructive methods suitable for heritage science research.

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Investigation of cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate plastics in museum collections using ion chromatography and size exclusion chromatography

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

A diagnostic tool for assessing the conservation condition of cellulose nitrate and acetate in heritage collections: quantifying the degree of substitution by infrared spectroscopy

A diagnostic tool for assessing the conservation condition of cellulose nitrate and acetate in heritage collections: quantifying the degree of substitution by infrared spectroscopy

Study on microbubble of cellulose acetate microfilm of the Republic of China (AD 1912–1949) collected in the Second Historical Archives of China

Plasticiser loss in heritage collections: its prevalence, cause, effect, and methods for analysis

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