Investigation of cell wall proteins of C. sinensis leaves by combining cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics

Abstract

Background C. sinensis is an important economic crop with fluoride over-accumulation in its leaves, which poses a serious threat to human health due to its leaf consumption as tea. Recently, our study has indicated that cell wall proteins (CWPs) probably play a vital role in fluoride accumulation/detoxification in C. sinensis. However, there has been a lack in CWP identification and characterization up to now. This study is aimed to characterize cell wall proteome of C. sinensis leaves and to develop more CWPs related to stress response. A strategy of combined cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics was employed to investigate CWPs. CWPs were extracted by sequential salt buffers, while N-glycoproteins were enriched by hydrophilic interaction chromatography method using C. sinensis leaves as a material. Afterwards all the proteins were subjected to UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Results A total of 501 CWPs and 195 CWPs were identified respectively by cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics profiling with 118 CWPs in common. Notably, N-glycoproteomics is a feasible method for CWP identification, and it can enhance CWP coverage. Among identified CWPs, proteins acting on cell wall polysaccharides constitute the largest functional class, most of which might be involved in cell wall structure remodeling. The second largest functional class mainly encompass various proteases related to CWP turnover and maturation. Oxidoreductases represent the third largest functional class, most of which (especially Class III peroxidases) participate in defense response. As expected, identified CWPs are mainly related to plant cell wall formation and defense response. Conclusion This was the first large-scale investigation of CWPs in C. sinensis through cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics. Our results not only provide a database for further research on CWPs, but also an insight into cell wall formation and defense response in C. sinensis.

Analyzing genetic diversity in luffa and developing a Fusarium wilt-susceptible linked SNP marker through a single plant genome-wide association (sp-GWAS) study

“…These SNPs were used to identify the associated candidate genes, which were determined as LOC111459237, LOC111809662, and LOC111009991 based on sequence homology analysis. The LOC111459237 gene encodes the monocopper oxidate-like protein SKU5, actively involved in oxidative-reductive reactions within organisms, Notably, SKU5 gene also plays a role in facilitating cell wall elongation [ 42 , 43 ]. Additionally, intriguing negative correlations between SKU5 expression and both plant height and leaf area were discovered in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) [ 44 ].…”

Analysis of the apoplast fluid proteome during the induction of systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…Glycoside hydrolases (GHs), which mainly cleave glycosidic bonds between carbohydrates, have essential functions related to cell wall remodeling and chemical defenses ( Minic & Jouanin, 2006 ; Barth & Jander, 2006 ). Hemicelluloses (xyloglucan, xylan, and glucomannan) and pectins (galactan and homogalacturonan) are potential substrates for most GHs ( Liu et al, 2021 ). ARAPASE (ASPE), which belongs to the GH27 family, helps mediate cell wall remodeling.…”

Plant Cell Wall Proteomes: The Core of Conserved Protein Families and the Case of Non-Canonical Proteins

“…This latter strategy is based on the fact that extracellular proteins are routed through the secretory pathway where many of them become N-glycosylated [61]. All these approaches have proven to be complementary and their combination has allowed enlarging the coverage of cell wall proteomes [29,48]. The steps of protein separation or protein identification could also vary [16].…”