Investigation of cell wall composition related to stem lodging resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) by FTIR spectroscopy

Abstract

We explored the rapid qualitative analysis of wheat cultivars with good lodging resistances by Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis. FTIR imaging showing that wheat stem cell walls were mainly composed of cellulose, pectin, protein, and lignin. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to eliminate multicollinearity among multiple peak absorptions. PCA revealed the developmental internodes of wheat stems could be distributed from low to high along the load of the second principal component, which was consistent with the corresponding bands of cellulose in the FTIR spectra of the cell walls. Furthermore, four distinct stem populations could also be identified by spectral features related to their corresponding mechanical properties via PCA and cluster analysis. Histochemical staining of four types of wheat stems with various abilities to resist lodging revealed that cellulose contributed more than lignin to the ability to resist lodging. These results strongly suggested that the main cell wall component responsible for these differences was cellulose. Therefore, the combination of multivariate analysis and FTIR could rapidly screen wheat cultivars with good lodging resistance. Furthermore, the application of these methods to a much wider range of cultivars of unknown mechanical properties promises to be of interest.Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flattening, known as lodging, can reduce the yield, production quality, and mechanical harvesting efficiency of a crop.

Use of infrared microspectroscopy to determine leaf biochemical composition of cassava in response toBacillus subtilisCaSUT007

“…Plant cell walls are complex composites of cellulose, cross-linking glucans, protein, and pectin substances. This technique can be applied to analyze stems of wheat cultivars via the spectral fingerprinting of cell walls and to identify chemical differences between genotypes with varying levels of lodging resistance (Wetzel & LeVine 2000;Wang et al 2012). From our results, we found that the shifts in the absorbance intensities at different frequencies between control and treated leaves can be related to the concentrations of different molecules such as cellulose, protein, pectin, and lignin.…”

“…Apparently, the β-sheet secondary structure of protein, indicated by an amide I band maximum centered at 1621 cm −1 is more intense in the control group compared with treated cassava. In contrast, the absorbance in the polysaccharide region (1200-900 cm −1 ) is shown to be higher in the treated plant (Séné et al 1994;Wang et al 2012).…”

“…The second derivative can help Note: Average second derivative spectra after 13 points of smoothing and normalization with extended multiplicative signal correction over the spectral range of 1800-900 cm -1 . Amide I band (C=O Stretch (80%), C-N stretch (10%), N-H bending (10%) Yu (2004Yu ( , 2005Yu ( , 2008 and Pelton and McLean (2000), Nelson (1991) (2007) and Wang et al (2012) resolve nearby peaks and sharpen spectral features. Therefore, the positive loading plots showed an opposite correlation with the negative score plot, and the negative loading plot showed an opposite correlation with the positive score plot.…”

Morpho-anatomical traits of two lowest internodes related to lodging resistance in selected genotypes of Triticum

“…In common wheat, traits that are most correlated with lodging resistance are: plant height, stem length, stem diameter, stem and spike weight, stem wall thickness, and mechanical layer thickness (Kelbert et al, 2004a,b;Kong et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2006;Zuber et al, 1999). Recent studies investigated the correlations between lodging resistance and the concentrations of cellulose, lignin, pectin, and protein in the stem (Kong et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2012). Strong correlations between plant height and lodging resistance were noted in modern cultivars of common wheat by Kelbert et al (2004a,b), who studied the effects of artificially induced lodging on 13 and 25 genotypes of spring wheat, respectively.…”

“…Scientific advancements contributed to the development of a diagnostic method based on Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) and principal component analysis (PCA). This method is used to evaluate variations in the chemical composition of cell walls that determine the mechanical properties of stems (Wang et al, 2012). The correlations between various plant traits and lodging resistance have been widely studied, but an index of resistance traits that could be used in breeding programs has not yet been developed.…”