Investigation of carbon nanotube antennas using thin wire integral equations

Abstract

Abstract. In this paper the characteristics of small carbon nanotube (CNT) dipole antennas are investigated on the basis of the thin wire Hallén integral equation (IE). A surface impedance model for the CNT is adopted to account for the specific material properties resulting in a modified kernel function for the integral equation. A numerical solution for the IE gives the current distribution along the CNT. From the current distribution the antenna driving point impedance and the antenna efficiency are computed. The presented numerical examples demonstrate the strong dependence of the antenna characteristics on the used material and show the limitations of nanoscale antennas.

Review - coating methods of carbon nanotubes and their potential applications

“…In antennas applications, many researchers have investigated universal techniques to examine the performance of CNT antennas [27][28][29][30] at several frequency bands like THz [31][32][33][34], GHz [35] and optics [36]. However, different CNT composite materials are produced by mixing the CNTs material with other materials.…”

Lower Frequency Limit of Carbon Nanotube Antenna

“…For a CNT bundle composed of N identical tubes arranged as a cylindrical shell of radius R as shown in Fig. 1, the effective axial surface conductivity of this shell can be approximated by [21]:…”

“…To reduce the characteristic impedance of CNT TL, CNT bundles were introduced [20,21]. This CNT bundle is a set of parallel single wall CNT.…”

“…In Refs. [20,21] they showed that the slow-wave coefficients for azimuthally symmetric guided waves increase with the number of metallic CNTs in the bundle, tending for thick bundles to unity, which is characteristic of macroscopic metallic wires. Thus, there is a compromise between reducing the length of the resonant bundle dipole and reducing the resonant input impedance.…”

On the Application of Numerical Methods to Hallén's Equation: The Case of a Lossy Medium

“…Let us add that the approximate kernel enjoys wide popularity in the literature dealing with Hallén's and Pocklington's equations for carbon nanotube antennas (CNTs). Characteristic examples include [25]- [27], where the approximate kernel is used exclusively, while in other works both kernels are employed (e.g., [28], [29]).…”