Investigation of canine chaphamaparvovirus, canine bufavirus, and canine adenovirus in dogs with diarrhea: First report of novel canine bufavirus in Turkey

Abstract

Viral enteritis is a significant cause of death among dogs younger than 6 months. In this study, the presence of canine chaphamaparvovirus (CaChPV), canine bufavirus (CBuV), and canine adenovirus (CAdV) was investigated in 62 diarrheal dogs previously tested for other viral pathogens (canine parvovirus type 2, canine coronavirus, and canine circovirus). CBuV was detected in two dogs (3.22%) and CaChPV in one dog (1.61%). One dog tested positive for three parvoviruses (CPV-2b, CBuV, and CaChPV). All dogs tested negative to CAdV-1/CAdV-2. A long genome fragment of one of the two identified CBuVs and of the CaChPV was obtained and analyzed. New Turkish CBuVs had high identity rates (96%–98% nt; 97%–98% aa) with some Italian CBuV strains (CaBuV/9AS/2005/ITA and CaBuV/35/2016/ITA). The phylogenetic analysis powerfully demonstrated that these viruses belonged to a novel genotype (genotype 2). A part of the genome ChPV-TR-2021–19 revealed high identity rates (> 98% nt and > 99% aa) with some Canadian CaChPV strains (NWT-W88 and NWT-W171) and the Italian CaChPV strain Te/37OVUD/2019/IT. This study is the first report on the detection of CBuV-2 and the concomitant presence of three canine parvoviruses in Turkey. The obtained data will contribute to the molecular epidemiology and the role in the etiology of enteric disease of new parvoviruses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11262-023-01982-4.

Molecular Surveillance for Bocaparvoviruses and Bufaviruses in the European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus)

“…In the VP1 sequence, a difference of 13.3–13.5% aa was observed between the Chinese and Italian hedgehog BuVs, likely indicative of host species- or geographical-related patterns. For instance, genetic variability has been identified among human BuVs, classified into three distinct genotypes/serotypes [ 45 , 46 , 65 , 66 ], and among canine BuVs, classified into two genotypes [ 21 , 67 ].…”

Canine bufavirus (Carnivore protoparvovirus-3) infection in dogs with respiratory disease

“…This previous finding also suggested the potential role of CBuV in a contributory cause of respiratory diseases in puppies. 25 Since then, CBuV genomic characterization has been widely studied; 1,4,10,12,22,26,48,53 however, neither evidence nor findings supporting the CBuV tropism in infected cases have been investigated. Here, we report a recurrent outbreak of CBuV infection in multiple colonies of puppies in Thailand.…”

“…25 During the investigation, the CBuV DNA was commonly identified in stool samples of dogs with and without diarrhea; however, it was only detected in respiratory samples obtained from dogs with respiratory diseases, but not in healthy dogs. To date, the epidemiology of CBuV has been reported in Italy, 10,25 Hungary, 25 China, 22,48 India, 12 Türkiye, 1 and Canada, 4 suggesting its distribution of the virus over multiple continents. Although epidemiological investigations have suggested that CBuV is often found in cases of canine enteritis, 22,25,48 neither descriptions of associated pathologic lesions nor association with diseases has been well defined.…”

Old and Novel Enteric Parvoviruses of Dogs

“…Epidemiological and clinical information are required to understand if ChPVs have a role as enteric pathogens in dogs [ 18 , 41 , 151 , 152 ]. Indeed, ChPVs’ DNA has been often detected in dogs in co-infection with other viral pathogens such as CBuV, CAdV [ 153 ], CPV-2, CCoV [ 18 , 151 ] and canine distemper virus (CDV) [ 18 ].…”