Investigation of Cadmium Content in Rice in Heilongjiang Province and Health Risk Assessment

Abstract

We investigated the cadmium content in soils and rice in Cha Hayang, Wuchang, Fangzheng, Xiangshui, and Jiansanjiang areas of Heilongjiang Province, and characterized the effect of rice intake on human health. The samples were analyzed by ICP-MS, and the cadmium transfer in soil-rice system was modeled by the Nemero comprehensive pollution index method. The health risk assessment model was used to study the status of cadmium pollution in rice and its health risk assessment for adults and children. The results showed that the average contents of cadmium in rice were 0.003 (Cha Hayang), 0.016 (Wuchang), 0.006 (Fangzheng), 0.006 (Xiangshui), and 0.005 (Jiansanjiang) mg kg-1. The prediction model developed in this study, including the total heavy metals and pH value of the soil, effectively described the transfer of cadmium in the soil-rice system of Wuchang, Chahayang and Xiangshui paddy fields (with R2 between 0.256 and 0.468). The pollution index of the study area was less than 1. The comprehensive pollution index was 0.037<1, sugesting no pollution, and the comprehensive pollution index was between 0.059 and 0.158. The health risk index of carcinogenic heavy metal cadmium to adults and children in Cyang and JianSanjiang areas was lower than that recommended by USEPA (1 × 10-4), suggesting no risk of cancer. However, the mean values in Wuchang, Fang Zheng and Xiangshui were higher than the maximum acceptable risk recommended by USEPA, suggesting a risk of cancer.

Effects of different irrigation patterns on paddy field environment and rice growth in non-water-retaining areas

“…Rice is the main food product in Asia [1][2] . China is a big grain country, and rice is one of the three major food crops in China, feeding more than 60% of China's population [3][4] , and with the strong support of the Chinese government, the rice area in Heilongjiang Province has expanded rapidly, accounting for 13.05% of the country's total rice area [5] , and the annual yield has increased by 7.13 kg [6]. Most of the rice in Heilongjiang Province is planted in the rice cultivation area of the Songnen Plain, the central plain and the rice area of the Mudanjiang River Basin, the rice area of the Sanjiang Plain, and the mountainous areas of the Greater and Lesser Xing'an Mountains [7][8] .…”