Investigation of Building Orientation and Aging on Strength–Stiffness Performance of Additively Manufactured Maraging Steel

Oliveira, Amanda Rossi de; Díaz, Julián Arnaldo Ávila; Nizes, A. D. C.; Jardini, André Luiz; Conte, Erik Gustavo Del

doi:10.1007/s11665-020-05414-4

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…While the hardness for the PBF-LB/M-built components is approximately at 345 MPa, post-processing improves this characteristic to about 550 MPa for the SAT specimen and to 570 MPa for the HIP specimen. While these experimental results indicate an improvement of the mechanical behaviour induced by the heat treatment, they simultaneously lead to a modification of the microstructure of the material [71]. The microstructure of the as-built specimens is unidirectional and dominated by a very fine-grain structure (Figure 11).…”

Section: Static Testingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Static and Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour of Hybrid-PBF-LB/M-Built and Hot Isostatic Pressed Lattice Structures

2023

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We report on a comprehensive study of the mechanical properties of maraging steel body-centred cubic lattice structures fabricated by a hybrid additive manufacturing technology that combines laser powder bed fusion with in situ high-speed milling. As the mechanical properties of additive manufactured components are inferior to, e.g., cast components, surface modifications can improve the mechanical behaviour. Different hybrid additive manufacturing technologies have been designed using additive and subtractive processes, improving process quality. Following this, mechanical testing is performed with respect to static tensile properties and dynamic stress, hardness, and porosity, comparing specimens manufactured by laser powder bed fusion only to those manufactured by the hybrid approach. In addition, the influence of different heat-treatment techniques on the mechanical behaviour of the lattice structures is investigated, namely solution and aging treatment as well as hot isostatic pressing. Thus, the influence of the superior surface quality due to the hybrid approach is evaluated, leading to, e.g., an offset of about 14–16% for the static testing of HIP lattice structures. Furthermore, the dynamic load behaviour can be improved with a finished surface, heading to a shift of the different zones of fatigue behaviour in the testing of hybrid-built specimens.

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Section: Static Testingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Static and Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour of Hybrid-PBF-LB/M-Built and Hot Isostatic Pressed Lattice Structures

2023

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“…The average circularity of the powder particles is 0.93, where a circularity of 1 indicates a perfect circle [25]. Laser parameters for the PBF-LB/ 18Ni300 specimens were determined in a previous study [26] and are summarised in Table 3.…”

Section: Specimen Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of the anisotropic properties of heat-treated maraging steel grade 300 processed by laser powder bed fusion

Hovig

Azar

Solberg

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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In order to explore the possibilities enabled by laser beam powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M), reliable material models are necessary to optimize designs with respect to weight and stiffness. Due to the unique processing conditions in PBF-LB/M, materials often develop a dominating microstructure that leads to anisotropic mechanical properties, and thus isotropic material models fail to account for the orientation-dependent mechanical properties. To investigate the anisotropy of 18Ni300 maraging steel, tensile specimens were built in seven different orientations. The specimens were heat treated at two different conditions and tested for their tensile properties using digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The microstructure and fracture surfaces are investigated with scanning electron microscope and electron backscatter diffraction. The tensile properties are typical for the material, with a yield strength in the range of 1850 MPa to 1950 MPa, and ultimate tensile strength in the range of 1900 MPa to 2000 MPa. The elastic modulus is 180 GPa, and the elongation at fracture is in the range of 2–6% for all specimens. The strain fields analysed with DIC reveals anisotropic straining in both the elastic and plastic parts of the flow curve for both direct ageing and solution treatment plus ageing specimens. In the former condition, the elastic anisotropy is dictated by the fraction of melt pool boundaries on the transverse surfaces of the specimens. When the material is solution treated prior to ageing, the melt pool boundary effect was supressed.

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“…In fact, optimized processing parameters and high solidification rate can be reduce and avoid the diffusion phenomenon once the materials experience high temperatures during less times, and consequently, there is no time for the formation of fragile and undesirable intermetallic phases or other compounds [17]. Some studies have reported the use of Yb-fibre [18,19] and pulsed Nd: YAG lasers [20][21][22] to melt common powders such as stainless steel , WC and Co. Nd: YAG laser have a high potential on the improvement of the thermal control and accuracy due to the short-pulsed energy when compared with the common CO2 lasers. These pulsed lasers display shorter wavelength, higher absorption levels by most metals, narrow focus and improved control of heat diffusion phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inconel 718–copper parts fabricated by 3D multi-material laser powder bed fusion: a novel technological and designing approach for rocket engine

Marques

Cunha

Gasik

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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A home-made 3D Multi-Material Laser Powder Bed Fusion (3DMMLPBF) system was used to produce novel multimaterial Inconel 718 (IN718) -Copper (Cu) parts with potential to be applied in rocket engines. This innovative approach combines IN718 high strength and Cu high thermal conductivity in a single part, fabricated at once.The main goal of this study was to validate the developed multi-material powder-based manufacturing technology as well to access both individual material zones and interface transition zone features in terms of metallurgical bonding and mechanical behavior. The multi-material IN718 -Cu specimens revealed a strong metallurgical bonding with a thin gradual chemical transition between two materials. Moreover, no significant pores, cracks or other defects were observed on both individual and interface zones as well no undesirable powders from the previous layers. IN718 hardness results were in agreement with literature (about 344 HV) and the results obtained for Cu (about 126 HV). The disparity on the hardness results between the IN718 and Cu is coherent with the thin diffusion zone reflected in the chemical compositional analysis. This multi-material material IN718 -Cu solution seems to be a promising approach since the two materials have a well-defined interface with no substantial defects, this, both IN718 and Cu are capable to maintain its most important individual properties, high strength and high thermal conductivity, respectively.

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Investigation of Building Orientation and Aging on Strength–Stiffness Performance of Additively Manufactured Maraging Steel

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Static and Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour of Hybrid-PBF-LB/M-Built and Hot Isostatic Pressed Lattice Structures

Static and Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour of Hybrid-PBF-LB/M-Built and Hot Isostatic Pressed Lattice Structures

An investigation of the anisotropic properties of heat-treated maraging steel grade 300 processed by laser powder bed fusion

Inconel 718–copper parts fabricated by 3D multi-material laser powder bed fusion: a novel technological and designing approach for rocket engine

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