Investigation of Bone Drilling for Secure Implant Fixation in Human Femurs: Taguchi Optimization and Predictive Force Models With Experimental Validation

Pandithevan, Ponnusamy; Pandy, Natarajan Vinayaga Muruga; Prasannavenkadesan, Varatharajan

doi:10.1142/s0219519418500616

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…7,35,37–40 Although larger feed rate decreased the surgical time, it also increased the thrust force as observed. 7,33,38,40…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only the mid-diaphysis portion of the femur was considered for the experiments (Figure 4(b)). To resemble the degrees of freedom of the in-vivo surgical drilling, each bone sample was moulded into a polymethylmethacrylate block 33 in such a way that the drilling plane of each sample was free to drill (Figure 4(c)). A Gaurav BMV 35 T12 ® vertical machining centre facilitated with a Kistler ® multi-component force dynamometer (9257B) was used to perform the validation experiments (Figure 4(d)).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,35,[37][38][39][40] Although larger feed rate decreased the surgical time, it also increased the thrust force as observed. 7,33,38,40 From the experiments and simulations, it was identified that the higher speed could help reduce the thrust force. This observation also corroborated well with some earlier studies.…”

Section: Comparative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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An in-silico bone drilling protocol to control thrust forces using finite element analysis coupled with the constitutive models

Prasannavenkadesan

Pandithevan

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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In orthopaedic surgeries, drilling through bone is most widely used to fix the plates and implants. The uncontrolled large thrust forces generated during bone drilling cause micro-crack, and fragmentation around the local host bone which further loosen the implant and fixation. Owing to the experimental limitation and the risk of infection in handling the bone specimens, conducting experiments with all possible combinations of parameter values and selecting the suitable combination is largely limited. So in this paper, finite element analysis coupled with the constitutive models was used to early predict the thrust forces generated in the surgical bone drilling process. The constitutive models developed in the earlier study, namely, Johnson–Cook, Cowper–Symonds, and Johnson–Cook combined with Cowper–Symonds that consider the strain rate dependence of plastic curve were used for the simulations. Results revealed that the trends of the thrust force values predicted from the constitutive models matched well with the experiments. However, the study showed that the Johnson–Cook model combined with the Cowper–Symonds model predicted the thrust forces with a maximum error of only 9.51% followed by the Johnson–Cook model and Cowper–Symonds model with 15.83% and 21.89%, respectively. The outcomes of the study can be used to predict the thrust forces generated in the bone drilling process, and thus, suitable parameters values can be selected to avoid the mechanical damages around the bone drilling site. The outcomes can also be used to plan and rehearse the in-silico bone drilling trials with any combinations of parameter values before performing the actual surgery.

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“…7,35,37–40 Although larger feed rate decreased the surgical time, it also increased the thrust force as observed. 7,33,38,40…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An in-silico bone drilling protocol to control thrust forces using finite element analysis coupled with the constitutive models

Prasannavenkadesan

Pandithevan

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…In some recent works, researchers performed a large number of drilling experiments to investigate the thrust forces 8,22,37,38 and torques 8,22 generated during bone drilling. In the Sui et al 22 study, polynomial regression models to predict the thrust force and torque as a function of spindle speed and feed rate were developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic models to predict thrust force and torque in bone drilling: An in-vitro study validated with robot-assisted surgical drilling parameters

Prasannavenkadesan

Pandithevan

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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Compression plates are widely used in orthopaedic surgeries for internal fixation of fractured femurs. To fix the plate and thus to provide compression to a fracture, the self-tapping bone screws are tightened through predrilled pilot holes of smaller diameter. Preliminary investigation showed that the holes drilled with the inappropriate cutting parameters cause mechanical and thermal damages to the local host bone, which further lead to loosening of internal fixations. In this paper, the mechanistic models to predict the thrust forces and torques during bone drilling were developed, using a 3.20 mm diameter drill bit. As a procedure, the cutting action was investigated at three different regions of the drill point, namely cutting lips, secondary cutting edges and indentation zone. The models employed the analytical approach to account for the drill-bit geometry and cutting parameters, and an empirical approach to account for the material and friction properties. To complete the procedure, calibration experiments were conducted on bovine cortical femurs with two different spindle speeds (1000 and 3000 r/min) and feeds (0.03 and 0.06 mm/rev), and then the specific normal and friction coefficients were determined. The developed mechanistic models were validated with different ranges of parameters (500–3500 r/min speeds, and 0.02–0.07 mm/rev feeds) those commonly involved in manual and robot-assisted surgery. The validation study revealed that the thrust forces predicted using the mechanistic models showed a maximum error of only 5.80%. However, the torques predicted from the mechanistic model found with more error than the thrust forces. The predominant reasons for this under-prediction might because of the extrapolation used to determine the specific cutting pressures, slip-line field applied to the indentation zone instead of compressive fracture, and chip clogging involved during the bone drilling as demonstrated in earlier studies. Despite the deviations, the developed mechanistic models satisfactorily follow the trends of the thrust forces and torques experienced during bone drilling. The outcomes can be used to practice the bone drilling procedure and monitor the effect of process parameters on thrust forces and torques in the in-silico environment before performing actual surgery.

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“…In more recent years, several predictive drillingforce models have been developed for accurate haptic rendering [28]. Additionally, a mechanistic model was adopted to estimate the thrust force when drilling human femurs at different regions and directions [29]. This model was demonstrated to be a remarkable predictor of the thrust force, but it was based on computed tomography data from different patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Chip-Evacuation Force Modeling and Chip-Clogging Prediction in Drilling of Cortical Bone

Zhang

Bian

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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Chip clogging is one of the fundamental issues faced by the dentists during the drilling of cortical bone. The chip clogging can lead to significant increase in temperature, thrust force and torque, and can even cause the drill bit to break. In this study, a modified chip-evacuation model to estimate the thrust force was developed for drilling of the cortical bone. First, the modified chip-evacuation force model with two parameters was developed based on the flute geometry. A set of drilling tests was conducted to calibrate the model parameters. Secondly, the parameter models were established as functions of spindle speed and feed, and the coefficients were then determined through nonlinear-regression analysis. The importance of cutting parameters on the model parameters was investigated via analysis of variance. Thirdly, the validity of the force model was analyzed by experimental results. Subsequently, based on the gradient of the chip-evacuation force, the chip-clogging prediction was conducted, and the prediction accuracy was assessed by the validation tests. Finally, the effect of cutting condition on the chip clogging was explored. The modified chip-evacuation force model proved to be an effective tool for predicting the thrust force, and the chip clogging could be estimated accurately with a relative error less than 10%. The spindle speed and the feed both had significant effects on the chip-evacuation force and chip clogging. The modified model could provide a better approach to finding how a pecking cycle can be implemented, and then, it can assist surgeons in selecting cutting conditions. INDEX TERMSChip clogging, chip-evacuation force, drilling of cortical bone, twist drill. NOMENCLATURE F z Chip-evacuation force. F z (0) Initial cutting force. λ Ratio between the lateral and axial pressure. D Drill diameter. A 0 Half flute area. µ f Coefficient of friction between the chip and the flute. µ w Coefficient of friction between the chip and the hole wall. l f Effective contact length of the chip element with the flute face. l h Effective contact length of the chip element with the flute heel. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Ming Luo .l w Effective contact length of the chip element with the hole wall. θ Angle between the flute face and the plane formed across the flute. z Dimensionless depth. z Hole depth. P Pressure intensity along the chip flow direction. κ, ξ Parameters of the chip-evacuation force model. F model Fitting value of the chip-evacuation force from the force model. F exp Processed thrust force from the drilling experiment. α 0 , α 1 , α 2 , α 3 Regression coefficients of κ model from the polynomial regression. α 0 , α 1 , α 2 , α 3 Regression coefficients of κ model from the logarithmic polynomial regression.

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Investigation of Bone Drilling for Secure Implant Fixation in Human Femurs: Taguchi Optimization and Predictive Force Models With Experimental Validation

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

An in-silico bone drilling protocol to control thrust forces using finite element analysis coupled with the constitutive models

An in-silico bone drilling protocol to control thrust forces using finite element analysis coupled with the constitutive models

Mechanistic models to predict thrust force and torque in bone drilling: An in-vitro study validated with robot-assisted surgical drilling parameters

Modified Chip-Evacuation Force Modeling and Chip-Clogging Prediction in Drilling of Cortical Bone

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