Investigation of Black Carbon characteristics over southern ocean: Contribution of fossil fuel and biomass burning

Srivastava, Rajesh; Acharya, Asutosh; Sabu, P.; Anilkumar, N.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116645

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These results indicated that biomass burning in Southeast Asia was the main source of aerosol BC over the surrounding sea areas, while fossil fuel combustion was a more important contributor to aerosol BC over remote waters. Fossil fuel combustion as the major source of aerosol BC was also observed in other remote waters, including the western and Southern Indian Ocean. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Fossil fuel combustion as the major source of aerosol BC was also observed in other remote waters, including the western and Southern Indian Ocean. 70,71 Although aerosol BC over "Open SCS" and "NEIO close to Southeast Asia" shared comparable f bb and f ff , "Open SCS" showed relatively higher contributions of C 4 biomass burning and coal combustion to aerosol BC (Figure 4). One reason for this phenomenon is the relatively higher proportion of C 4 plants in the Philippines compared to other regions in Southeast Asia.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Provenance of Aerosol Black Carbon over Northeast Indian Ocean and South China Sea and Implications for Oceanic Black Carbon Cycling

Geng,

Haig,

Lin

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Aerosol black carbon (BC) is a short-lived climate pollutant. The poorly constrained provenance of tropical marine aerosol BC hinders the mechanistic understanding of extreme climate events and oceanic carbon cycling. Here, we collected PM 2.5 samples during research cruise NORC2016-10 through South China Sea (SCS) and Northeast Indian Ocean (NEIO) and measured the dual-carbon isotope compositions (δ 13 C−Δ 14 C) of BC using hydrogen pyrolysis technique. Aerosol BC exhibits six different δ 13 C−Δ 14 C isotopic spaces (i.e., isotope provinces). Liquid fossil fuel combustion, from shipping emissions and adjacent land, is the predominant source of BC over isotope provinces "SCS close to Chinese Mainland" (53.5%), "Malacca Strait" (53.4%), and "Open NEIO" (40.7%). C 3 biomass burning is the major contributor to BC over isotope provinces "NEIO close to Southeast Asia" (55.8%), "Open NEIO" (41.3%), and "Open SCS" (40.0%). Coal combustion and C 4 biomass burning show higher contributions to BC over "Sunda Strait" and "Open SCS" than the others. Overall, NEIO near the Bay of Bengal, Malacca Strait, and north SCS are three hot spots of fossil fuel-derived BC; the first two areas are also hot spots of biomass-derived BC. The comparable δ 13 C−Δ 14 C between BC in aerosol and dissolved BC in surface seawater may suggest atmospheric BC deposition as a potential source of oceanic dissolved BC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance of Aerosol Black Carbon over Northeast Indian Ocean and South China Sea and Implications for Oceanic Black Carbon Cycling

Geng,

Haig,

Lin

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In the conversion reaction, the reactants and products contain multiple valence states and therefore the conversion materials are characterized by high specific energy. However, these materials are accompanied by significant volume changes during charge and discharge and have a short cycle life [10,[38][39][40]. Alloyed materials store energy through the alloying reaction between the electrode material and Li+.…”

Section: Structure and Properties Of Lithium Ion Capacitormentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of lithium ion capacitor development

Zhao

2023

Ninth International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Materials, and Automation Technology (MMEAT 2023)

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In recent years, the development and use of new energy sources has become a popular attraction. However, environmentally friendly energy sources such as wind, solar and tidal energy cannot meet the need for a stable energy supply. Therefore, reliable and efficient energy storage systems have received wide attention. Lithium-ion batteries store significant energy per unit volume through electrochemical reactions. Supercapacitors achieve a rapid storage and release of energy by a double electric layer. As a combination of lithium-ion battery and supercapacitor, lithium-ion capacitor has the characteristics of both high specific power and high specific energy, which can complete energy storage and release energy stably with high efficiency. This article introduces the structure of lithium-ion capacitors, including electrode materials, electrolyte and separator. In addition, the common types of electrode materials and the latest research progress are highlighted.

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“…However, this comes with negative health and environmental consequences. Studies have linked climate change, global warming, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the burning of fossil fuels for electricity generation (Baz et al 2021;Srivastava et al 2021;Vohra et al 2021). Among the components of GHG, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) contributes the most to global warming, thereby becoming one of the critical challenges confronting humanity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and performance analysis of roof-mounted crystalline stand-alone photovoltaic (SAPV) system at selected sites in South Africa

Ebhota

Tabakov

2022

Bull Natl Res Cent

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Background Technology is deployed to take the advantage of the ultimate energy from the sun (solar energy) to be used as heat or clean electricity. This energy is classified as “sustainable energy” or “renewable energy” because it requires a short period to naturally replenish the used energy. The application of solar energy involves the conversion of the natural energy resource into a usable form, either as heat or as electricity. The device consists of solar cells made from semiconductor materials, such as silicon, cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide, and so on. Solar potential is both location- and climate-dependent; it is characterised by low energy intensity and intermittency, which limit its application; an improvement in photovoltaic (PV) system performance will facilitate more deployment of the clean electricity system. Therefore, this study provides PV potential and system information required for reliable and optimised solar PV systems at chosen locations. This work uses a 5-stage solar PV system assessment and system performance evaluation utilising Solargis Prospect software. The PV potential and system performance of nine selected site locations in South Africa was conducted using this method. The nine PV site locations are Bloemfontein (Free State), Germiston (Gauteng), Mahikeng (North-West), Mbombela (Mpumalanga), Musgrave (Kwazulu-Natal), Musina (Limpopo), Port Nolloth (Northern Cape), Port Elizabeth (Eastern Cape), and Worcester (Western Cape). Result The results of the study were categorised into PV meteorological and system performance parameters as follows. Photovoltaic meteorological parameters—the site in Mahikeng has the highest global horizontal irradiance (GHI), 2156 kWh/m2, and a corresponding specific PV power output (1819.3 kWh/kWp), closely followed by Bloemfontein (2111.5 kWh/m2, 1819.4 kWh/kWp) and Port Nolloth (2003.2 kWh/m2, 1820.5 kWh/kWp). The lowest GHI (1645.1 kWh/m2) and specific PV power output (1436.6 kWh/kWp) were recorded in Musgrave. Photovoltaic system performance parameters—the range of performance ratio (PR) between 75.8 and 77.7% was reported across the nine sites. This ratio met the acceptable benchmark of PR. The highest specific PV power output loss, 118.8 kWh/kWp, was obtained at sites in Bloemfontein, Mahikeng, and Port Nolloth, while the lowest, 93.8 kWh/kWp, was in Musgrave. Conclusions The results of the solar PV potential assessment and the evaluation of PV systems performance in the chosen sites across the nine provinces of South Africa show huge PV potential and energy yield. From the results, it was observed that the range of the yearly average of: (1) GHI among the sites is 1645.1–2156 kWh/m2; (2) direct normal irradiation among the sites is 1785.3–2559.3 kWh/m2; (3) diffuse horizontal irradiation among the sites is 512.5–686kWh/m2; (4) global tilted irradiation among the sites is 1849.2–2397.1 kWh/m2; (5) the temperature (TEMP) among the sites is 16–23 °C; (6) specific PV power output (PVOUT specific) among the sites is 1436.6–1820.5 kWh/kWp; (7) total PV power output (PVOUT total) among the sites is 14.366–2397.1 MWh; and (8) the performance ratio among the sites is 75.8–77.7%. Based on the solar resource and performance results of the PV system obtained, the deployment of monocrystalline solar PV technology in all the considered sites across South Africa is technically viable.

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Investigation of Black Carbon characteristics over southern ocean: Contribution of fossil fuel and biomass burning

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Provenance of Aerosol Black Carbon over Northeast Indian Ocean and South China Sea and Implications for Oceanic Black Carbon Cycling

Provenance of Aerosol Black Carbon over Northeast Indian Ocean and South China Sea and Implications for Oceanic Black Carbon Cycling

A review of lithium ion capacitor development

Assessment and performance analysis of roof-mounted crystalline stand-alone photovoltaic (SAPV) system at selected sites in South Africa

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