Investigation of biomass torrefaction based on three major components: Hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin

Chen, Dengyu; Gao, Anjiang; Cen, Kehui; Zhang, Jie; Cao, Xiaobing; Ma, Zhongqing

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.05.063

Cited by 385 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These parameters affected, to a large extent, the final results of the TYR, however, considering the low temperature range chosen, the temperature oscillation did not provoke oscillations in the final biomass energy parameters [79]. Chen et al studied cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose at a range of torrefaction temperatures based on the properties of their three-phase products, and a substantial difference in torrefaction characteristics was found due to their different molecular structures [75]. In [77], the characterization of biomass waste torrefaction under conventional and microwave heating was studied and the conclusions indicated that microwave torrefaction is more efficient for biomass upgrading and densification than conventional torrefaction.…”

Section: Future Perspectives and Research Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The growing search for alternative energy sources is not only due to the present shortage of non-renewable energy sources, but also due to their negative environmental impacts. Therefore, a lot of attention is drawn to the use of biomass as a renewable energy source. However, using biomass in its natural state has not proven to be an efficient technique, giving rise to a wide range of processing treatments that enhance the properties of biomass as an energy source. Torrefaction is a thermal process that enhances the properties of biomass through its thermal decomposition at temperatures between 200 and 300 • C. The torrefaction process is defined by several parameters, which also have impacts on the final quality of the torrefied biomass. The final quality is measured by considering parameters, such as humidity, heating value (HV), and grindability. Studies have focused on maximizing the torrefied biomass' quality using the best possible combination for the different parameters. The main objective of this article is to present new information regarding the conventional torrefaction process, as well as study the innovative techniques that have been in development for the improvement of the torrefied biomass qualities. With this study, conclusions were made regarding the importance of torrefaction in the energy field, after considering the economic status of this renewable resource. The importance of the torrefaction parameters on the final properties of torrefied biomass was also highly considered, as well as the importance of the reactor scales for the definition of ideal protocols.

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Section: Future Perspectives and Research Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The torrefaction of biomass has been attracting a considerable amount of attention in the research community in the last few years [27,[74][75][76][77][78]. Thus, the authors proceeded to the quantification of this interest.…”

Section: Research Focused On Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development

et al. 2018

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“…In the case of ROPFP, as  reached 0.35 and above, a decreasing trend of Eα values was observed in which the earlier stage of decomposition might not follow the abovementioned explanations. This suggests almost complete degradation of hemicellulose occurred at average temperature of 297 °C, typically described as the end temperature of hemicellulose degradation from literatures [34]. The efficacy of linear fitting for the experimental data obtained via TGA into KAS methods were assessed via correlation coefficients (R 2 ) as listed in Table 2 with obtained good fitting of data where R 2 obtained was more than 98%.…”

Section: Model-free Kinetic Evaluation Via Kas Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Dynamic Model-Free and Model-Fitting Kinetic Analysis during Torrefaction of Oil Palm Frond Pellets

Matali

Rahman

Idris

et al. 2020

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Torrefaction is a thermal conversion method extensively used for improving the properties of biomass. Usually this process is conducted within a temperature range of 200-300 °C under an inert atmosphere with residence time up to 60 minutes. This work aimed to study the kinetic of thermal degradation of oil palm frond pellet (OPFP) as solid biofuel for bioenergy production. The kinetics of OPFP during torrefaction was studied using frequently used iso-conversional model fitting (Coats-Redfern (CR)) and integral model-free (Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS)) methods in order to provide effective apparent activation energy as a function of conversion. The thermal degradation experiments were conducted at four heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C/min in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) under non-oxidative atmosphere. The results revealed that thermal decomposition kinetics of OPFP during torrefaction is significantly influenced by the severity of torrefaction temperature. Via Coats-Redfern method, torrefaction degradation reaction mechanism follows that of reaction order with n = 1. The activation energy values were 239.03 kJ/mol and 109.28 kJ/mol based on KAS and CR models, respectively. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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“…CO 2 and CO are formed as a result of decarboxylation and depolymerization reactions (breakage of C2 2O2 2C and C5 5O bonds in hemicellulose, cellulose, and aldehydic compounds as a result of their secondary pyrolysis reaction), whereas CH 4 is a result of depolymerization and cracking [32]. According to Chen et al [42], deoxidation of hemicellulose plays a major role in oxygen release, and during this process, the amount of O 2 released as volatiles (H 2 O, CO, CO 2 , and oxygen-containing organic compounds) significantly increases. The decomposition of cellulose is relatively slow and results mainly in CO 2 and CO, whereas the decomposition of lignin results in oxygen transforms mainly to H 2 O.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torrefaction of Agricultural Residues: Effect of Temperature and Residence Time on the Process Products Properties

Jagodzińska

Czerep

Kudlek

et al. 2020

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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To date, few studies on the potential utilization of agricultural residue torrefaction products have been performed. Thus, torrefaction product characterization aimed at its potential utilization was performed. Wheat-barley straw pellets and wheat-rye chaff were used in the study. The impact of the torrefaction temperature (280-320°C) on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content in the biochar and noncondensable gas (noncondensables) composition was investigated. The impact of the torrefaction time (30-75 min) on the composition of the condensable volatiles (condensables) and their toxicity were also studied. The torrefaction process was performed in a batch-scale reactor. The PAH contents were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the noncondensables composition was measured online using a gas analyzer and then gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The condensables composition and main compound quantification were determined and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Three toxicity tests, for saltwater bacteria (Microtox ® bioassay), freshwater crustaceans (Daphtoxkit F magna ® ), and vascular plants (Lemna sp. growth inhibition test), were performed for the condensables. The PAHs content in the biochar, regardless of the torrefaction temperature, allows them to be used in agriculture. The produced torgas shall be co-combusted with full-caloric fuel because of its low calorific value. Toxic compounds (furans and phenols) were identified in the condensable samples, and regardless of the processing time, the condensables were classified as highly toxic. Therefore, they can be used either as pesticides or as an anaerobic digestion substrate after their detoxification.

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Investigation of biomass torrefaction based on three major components: Hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin

Cited by 385 publications

References 54 publications

Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development

Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development

Dynamic Model-Free and Model-Fitting Kinetic Analysis during Torrefaction of Oil Palm Frond Pellets

Torrefaction of Agricultural Residues: Effect of Temperature and Residence Time on the Process Products Properties

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