Investigation of backscatter factor in medical radiography using anthropomorphic phantom by optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter

Abstract

At the diagnostic reference level (DRL) related to medical radiation, DRL quantity for general radiography is the entrance surface dose (ESD). Calculation of the ESD in medical radiography requires the backscatter factor (BSF), but derivation of the BSF requires assessment of an irradiated simulation of a human body. The present study used optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters and an anthropomorphic phantom as the irradiated body, and the BSF was calculated for different half value layer (HVL)s and field sizes. The need for different BSFs for different regions was also investigated by derivationing of the BSFs for different regions. The pelvis of a RANDO phantom was irradiated under the conditions of the HVL of 2.0, 3.1, and 4.6 mmAl; tube current of 200 mA; irradiation time of 0.1 s; source surface distance of 100 cm; and field sizes of 10×10 cm 2 , 20 cm 2 , 30 cm 2 , and 40 cm 2 . Measurement in air was performed under the same conditions. Several threads were stretched through the air with tissue paper placed on them and the nanoDot dosimeters placed on the paper. Four dosimeters were placed, and measurement was performed 5 times under each set of conditions. The compared radiographed regions were the skull, chest, and pelvis. The BSF increased with increasing HVL size and with increasing field size. The larger the HVL, the larger the difference between field sizes of 10×10 cm 2 and 40×40 cm 2 and the larger the increase in BSF relative to the increase in field size. The BSF differed by region, from large to small in the order chest, pelvis, and skull. The results thus showed that the BSF differs by the radiographed region. Thus, it is desirable to determine the BSF in each radiographed region by investigation with an anthropomorphic phantom.

Measurement of conversion factor into mean glandular dose in mammography using OSL dosimeters

“…Therefore, we focused on the nanoDot dosimeter, which can be used without any problem in terms of direction dependence, except for scattering in the 90° direction [20], and has an uncertainty of about 10 % [21]. There is also a report of measuring backscatter factor using the nanoDot dosimeter [13], so we used it in this study.…”

“…For actual measurements, ionization chamber dosimeters are often used, but it is difficult to insert an ionization chamber dosimeter into a PMMA phantom because of the physical size of the chamber itself. However, the nanoDot dosimeter, an optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter that has been reported to be able to measure entrance surface dose (ESD) with an accuracy of about 15% [12] and backscatter factor [13], is It is very small (10 × 10 × 2 mm 3 ), has a wide measurement range (10 µ Gy to 10 Gy) and energy range (5 keV to 20 MeV) [14], and has high detection sensitivity and almost no fading effects [15]. The nanoDot dosimeter, which is used in the diagnostic field, could also be used in the mammography field because of its features such as the ability to take multiple readings without erasing the element information.…”