Investigation of avian influenza infection in wild birds in Ismailia and Damietta cities, Egypt

Fadel, Hanaa; Afifi, Rabab

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2017.695-701

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, bridging host species may exist in the peri-domestic populations (terrestrial birds, crows, doves, pigeon, egrets and rodents) frequently found around the poultry farms and some are susceptible to HPAI A (H5N1) [ 25 ]. In Egypt, crows, cattle egret and pigeons are naturally infected by H5 viruses [ 26 ]. Bridge hosts provide a link through which pathogens can be transmitted from maintenance host populations (from farms and/or wildlife) to receptive populations (the commercial farms) [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza A (H5N1) outbreaks in different poultry farm types in Egypt: the effect of vaccination, closing status and farm size

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe Avian Influenza A (H5N1) virus is endemic in poultry in Egypt. The winter of 2014/2015 was particularly worrying as new clusters of HPAI A (H5N1) virus emerged, leading to an important number of AI A (H5N1) outbreaks in poultry farms and sporadic human cases. To date, few studies have investigated the distribution of HPAI A (H5N1) outbreaks in Egypt in relation to protective / risk factors at the farm level, a gap we intend to fill. The aim of the study was to analyse passive surveillance data that were based on observation of sudden and high mortality of poultry or drop in duck or chicken egg production, as a basis to better understand and discuss the risk of HPAI A (H5N1) presence at the farm level in large parts of the Nile Delta.ResultsThe probability of HPAI A (H5N1) presence was associated with several characteristics of the farms. Vaccination status, absence of windows/openings in the farm and the number of birds per cycle of production were found to be protective factors, whereas the presence of a duck farm with significant mortality or drop in egg production in the village was found to be a risk factor.ConclusionsResults demonstrate the key role of several prevention and biosecurity measures to reduce HPAI A (H5N1) virus circulation, which could promote better poultry farm biosecurity in Egypt.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1519-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza A (H5N1) outbreaks in different poultry farm types in Egypt: the effect of vaccination, closing status and farm size

et al. 2018

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“…HPAI H5 avian influenza virus infection causes and exhibits clinical signs related to the affection of the nervous system, such as wing paralysis, torticollis, etc., and mortality in crows [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. While there are no reports of natural outbreak, seropositivity for H9N2 virus has been reported in crows [ 23 , 24 ], suggesting milder infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Infection and In-Contact Transmission of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Crows

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to investigate the potential of H9N2 avian influenza virus to cause disease and intra-species transmission in house crows (Corvus splendens). A group of six crows were intranasally inoculated with 106.0 EID50 of H9N2 virus (A/chicken/India/07OR17/2021), and 24 h post-inoculation six naïve crows were co-housed with infected crows. Crows were observed for 14 days for any overt signs of illness. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected up to 14 days to assess virus excretion. No apparent clinical signs were observed in either infected or in-contact crows. Virus excretion was observed only in infected birds up to 9 days post-infection (dpi) through both oropharyngeal and cloacal routes. All six infected crows seroconverted to H9N2 virus at 14 dpi, whereas all in-contact crows remained negative to H9N2 virus antibodies. No virus could be isolated from tissues viz., lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, small intestine and large intestine. Although crows became infected with the H9N2 virus, transmission of the virus was inefficient to the in-contact group. However, virus excretion through oral and cloacal swabs from infected crows suggests a potential threat for inter-species transmission, including humans. Crows, being a common synanthrope species, might have some role in influenza virus transmission to poultry and humans, which needs to be explored further.

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“…In addition to northern shoveler and Eurasian green-winged teal, LPAI viruses have been isolated from northern pintail (Anas acuta), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), rock dove (Columbia livia), Eurasian coot (Fulica atra), whiskered tern (Chlidonias hybrida), Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca), [54]. In addition to LPAI viruses, HPAI H5N1 and H5N8 viruses have been isolated from apparently healthy Eurasian green-winged teals sampled in Egypt [50,51,55].…”

Section: Aiv In Wild Birds In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza viruses at the wild–domestic bird interface in Egypt

Naguib

Verhagen

Samy

et al. 2019

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Wild birds of the orders Anseriforme s (mainly ducks, geese and swans) and Charadriiformes (mainly gulls, terns and waders) constitute the natural reservoir for low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. In Egypt, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and LPAI H9N2 viruses are endemic in domestic poultry, forming a threat to animal and human health and raising questions about the routes of introduction and mechanisms of persistence. Recently, HPAI H5N8 virus was also introduced into Egyptian domestic birds. Here we review the literature on the role of wild birds in the introduction and endemicity of avian influenza viruses in Egypt. Dabbling ducks in Egypt harbor an extensive LPAI virus diversity and may constitute the route of introduction for HPAI H5N1 and HPAI H5N8 viruses into Egypt through migration, however their role in the endemicity of HPAI H5N1, LPAI H9N2 and potentially other avian influenza virus (AIV) strains – by means of reassortment of viral genes – is less clear. Strengthened surveillance programs, in both domestic and wild birds, that include all LPAI virus subtypes and full genome sequencing are needed to better assess the wild–domestic bird interface and form a basis for evidence-based measures to limit and prevent AIV transmission between wild and domestic birds.

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Investigation of avian influenza infection in wild birds in Ismailia and Damietta cities, Egypt

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Avian influenza A (H5N1) outbreaks in different poultry farm types in Egypt: the effect of vaccination, closing status and farm size

Avian influenza A (H5N1) outbreaks in different poultry farm types in Egypt: the effect of vaccination, closing status and farm size

Experimental Infection and In-Contact Transmission of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Crows

Avian influenza viruses at the wild–domestic bird interface in Egypt

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