Investigation of anticorrosive, antibacterial and in vitro biological properties of a sulphonated poly(etheretherketone)/strontium, cerium co-substituted hydroxyapatite composite coating developed on surface treated surgical grade stainless steel for orthopedic applications

Abstract

1 poly(etheretherketone)/strontium, cerium co-substituted hydroxyapatite composite coating 2 developed on surface treated surgical grade stainless steel for orthopedic applications 3 4 ABSTRACT 16 17In the present investigation, the sulphonated poly(etheretherketone)/strontium, cerium co-18 substituted hydroxyapatite (S-PEEK/Sr,Ce-HAp) composite coating is obtained on the high 19 energy low current DC electron beam (HELCDEB) treated 316L stainless steel (316L SS) by 20 electrodeposition. The surface of 316L SS was treated using HELCDEB with energy of 500 keV 21 and beam current of 1.5 mA. The as-formed coatings on HELCDEB treated 316L SS were 22 characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and 23 High resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). Electrochemical results show that the 24 S-PEEK/Sr,Ce-HAp coating with optimum 2 wt.% S-PEEK concentration on HELCDEB treated 25 316L SS possesses maximum corrosion resistance in Ringer's solution. The antibacterial activity 26 and in-vitro bioactivity of the composite coatings were investigated. The results revealed that the 27 HELCDEB treatment on 316L SS improved anticorrosion performance and also the combination 28 of S-PEEK and Sr,Ce-HAp in the coating greatly improved the bioactivity and biocompatibility 29 of the as-developed composite coating on HELCDEB treated 316L SS.30 20 in calcium site. Among these ions, Ce 3+ has been used as antibacterial agent in different 21 biomedical fields for a long time owing to the high safety and broad range of antibacterial 22 activity. Ce 3+ ions in the small quantities are imperative for a variety of metabolic processes in the 23 majority of the living microorganisms. Several in vitro studies reported that the Ce 3+ ions in the 24 1 adhesion. 25 There are three most important mechanisms for the antibacterial properties of Ce 3+ 2 ions. First, Ce 3+ ions bind to proteins and deactivate them. Second, Ce 3+ ions interact with 3 microbial membrane by causing structural change and permeability. Finally, Ce 3+ ions can 4 interact with microbial nucleic acids, which prevent microbial replication. 26-28 5 Thus the Sr 2+ and Ce 3+ , as important metal ions, were found to be very effective in 6 enhancing the structural stability, biological and antibacterial property of Ca-HAp. Recently Gopi 7 et al., have achieved the synthesis of Sr 2+ and Ce 3+ co-substituted HAp (Sr,Ce-HAp) 8 nanoparticles with increased bioactivity and antibacterial activity. 22 9 Considerable research attentions have been recently directed towards the mixer of 10 polymers with inorganic materials that shows excellent features with homogenous mechanical 11 properties. 29 The addition of polymer in the HAp at ambient temperature reduces its brittleness. 12 Among all the polymers, Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a biocompatible, stable and safe 13 thermoplastic polymer suitable for orthopedic applications. 30,31 It is perfectly matched for in vivo 14 medical device applications as it combines excellent chemical and hydrol...

Deposition of Nanostructured Fluorine‐Doped Hydroxyapatite Coating from Aqueous Dispersion by Suspension Plasma Spray

“…The corrosion resistance ability of the FHA coatings on stainless steel in physiological solution was studied by the potentiodynamic polarization curves of the uncoated stainless steel and FHA‐coated stainless steel in PBS solution for long‐term applications . From the obtained potentiodynamic polarization curves [Fig.…”

“…The potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that the FHA‐coated stainless steel plate possessed better anticorrosion performance in PBS solution. The improvement in corrosion resistance obtained for the FHA‐coated stainless steel plate is attributed to the thick and compact surface coverage on the stainless steel plate …”

“…EIS studies were also carried out to evaluate the resistance of the uncoated stainless steel and FHA‐coated stainless steel in the PBS solution. To identify the exact electrical conductivity of electrodes, we measured electrochemical impedance spectra of electrodes at room temperature 37°C over the frequency range 0.01–10 5 Hz . As shown in Fig.…”

“…However, the orthopedic implants made of stainless steel have the tendencies to fail after long period of usage, due to the corrosion issue of implants in human body fluids . HA coating and its composites have been applied on the surface of stainless steel to improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the stainless steel implants …”

Effects of individual and sequential irradiation with atomic oxygen and protons on the surface structure and tribological performance of polyetheretherketone in a simulated space environment

“…[3][4][5][6][7] The cosmic space has many rigorous environmental factors including high vacuum, thermal cycles, ultraviolet rays, atomic oxygen, proton irradiation, electron irradiation and so on, which could severely affect the service life and reliability of mechanical equipment. 1,2 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as one of the high performance engineering thermoplastic polymers has attracted increasing interest due to its attractive physical and chemical properties, such as excellent mechanical properties, good chemical resistance and high long-term working temperatures, and is considered to be one of the most prospective polymers for biomedical applications, the automotive industry, electronics and spacecra design among various polymers.…”