Investigation of an X-band gigawatt long pulse multi-beam relativistic klystron amplifier

Liu, Zhenbang; Huang, Hua; Lei, Lurong; Xiao, Jin; Zhu, Lei; Wang, Ganping; He, Hongliang; Wu, Yao; Ge, Yi; Yuan, Huan; Chen, Zhaofu

doi:10.1063/1.4929920

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The BWO operates in the lower TM 01 eigenmode (f w− ) described by (2), with the resonant frequency (f res ) determined as…”

Section: Description Of the Bwomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This places it in a region which should negate the multi-mode effects observed in [20]. Further, the source has been optimized for operation at a confining field of ∼0.3T, lower than used in [1], [2], [8], [14], [20], [31], providing a route to the development of lower cost, more compact, sources of HPM radiation, which again enhances suitability for use in an array.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Analysis of High-Power X-Band Sources, at Low Magnetic Confinement, for Use in a Multisource Array

MacInnes¹,

Donaldson

Whyte

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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High-power microwave sources are typically relativistic in nature, employing multi-kilo-ampere electron beams that require significant magnetic confinement for efficient operation. As the desired output power increases so does the complexity, and overall energy requirements, of the source. It can therefore be advantageous to consider the use of several, moderate-power, sources operating as a phased array; for an array of N sources the far-field peak intensity scales as N 2 , and the peak-of-field may be steered electronically by varying the relative phases of the different output signals. In this paper we present the numerical analysis of a short-pulse (∼1ns) X-band backwardwave oscillator, driven by a 210keV, 1.4kA electron beam, suitable for use as the radiative element in such an array. Investigation of the required magnetic confinement showed two peaks in performance, with the highest efficiency, of 43%, predicted at the low magnetic confinement peak at 0.3T, corresponding to 125MW peak output power. The magnitude, and timing, of the peak in the output pulse were functions of the rise-time of the electron beam energy, with longer rise-times resulting in delayed peak-of-field and lower peak output power. When operating in an array, to maintain effective output in the region of N 2 , it was determined that the beam rise-times, across all sources, should be ≤150ps with the adjustment of the relative timing between output's being ±30ps.

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“…The BWO operates in the lower TM 01 eigenmode (f w− ) described by (2), with the resonant frequency (f res ) determined as…”

Section: Description Of the Bwomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of High-Power X-Band Sources, at Low Magnetic Confinement, for Use in a Multisource Array

MacInnes¹,

Donaldson

Whyte

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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“…As the pulsed power system progresses, the HPM devices applications expand from military purposes to industrial applications. Various high-power microwave sources, such as a relativistic klystron, a relativistic magnetron, and a gyrotron, have been studied and analyzed experimentally and numerically [2][3][4][5]. Although the HPM sources have different microwave generation mechanisms, the devices were studied to modulate their microwave frequency and mode to generate microwaves with higher power and higher efficiencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation Features of a Coaxial Virtual Cathode Oscillator Emitting Electrons in the Outer Radial Direction

et al. 2021

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The operation features of the coaxial virtual cathode oscillator emitting electrons in the outer radial direction were investigated through simulations and experiments. A coaxial vircator was compared with an axial vircator when the anode to cathode distance of both vircators was 6 mm. The proposed coaxial vircator was operated when the anode to cathode distance was 5 mm, 6 mm, and 7 mm. The peak power and frequency of the microwave generated from the proposed coaxial vircator when the anode to cathode distance was 6 mm were 20.18 MW and 6.17 GHz, respectively. The simulations and experiments show that the proposed coaxial vircator generates 80% more microwave power than the axial vircator with the same anode to cathode distance. According to the simulations and experiments, the proposed coaxial vircator tends to generate a higher power average when the anode to cathode distance was larger than 5 mm. The frequency of the proposed coaxial vircator when the anode to cathode distance was 5 mm and 7 mm was approximately 8 GHz and 5 GHz, respectively. The geometric factor of the proposed coaxial vircator was considered to be the reason for the greater microwave power generation than the axial vircator. The frequency of the proposed coaxial vircator decreases inversely proportional with the anode to cathode distance as observed in the axial and basic coaxial vircators.

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“…Friedman et al proposed an X band triaxial klystron amplifier (TKA) with a large electron beam diameter for propagating high‐electron beam power and enhancing the power capacity [10]. Based on the TKA structure, simulation and experiments have been conducted to realise a GW‐level microwave output at the X band [11–15]. However, a GW‐level RKA at the Ka band has not been reported because the serious surface electric field breakdown and low electronic efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oversized coaxial output cavity for Ka band relativistic klystron

Duan

Huang

et al. 2018

J. eng.

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Investigation of an X-band gigawatt long pulse multi-beam relativistic klystron amplifier

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Numerical Analysis of High-Power X-Band Sources, at Low Magnetic Confinement, for Use in a Multisource Array

Numerical Analysis of High-Power X-Band Sources, at Low Magnetic Confinement, for Use in a Multisource Array

Operation Features of a Coaxial Virtual Cathode Oscillator Emitting Electrons in the Outer Radial Direction

Oversized coaxial output cavity for Ka band relativistic klystron

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