Investigation of an injectable gold nanoparticle extracellular matrix

Abstract

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a progressive articular degenerative disease that degrades articular cartilage and stimulates apoptosis in chondrocyte cells. An injectable decellularized, extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, that might be able to combat the effects of PTOA, was developed where the ECM was conjugated with 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and supplemented with curcumin and hyaluronic acid (HA). Porcine diaphragm ECM was decellularized and homogenized; AuNPs were conjugated using chemical crosslinking followed by mixing with curcumin and/or HA. Injection force testing and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the ECM scaffolds. In vitro testing with L929 murine fibroblasts, equine synovial fibroblasts, and Human Chondrocytes were used to determine biocompatibility, reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, and chondroprotective ability. The results demonstrated that conjugation of 20 nm AuNPs to the ECM was successful without significantly altering the physical properties as noted in the low injection force. In vitro work provided evidence of biocompatibility with a propensity to reduce intracellular ROS and an ability to mitigate apoptosis of chondrocyte cells stimulated with IL-1β, a known apoptosis inducing cytokine. It was concluded that an injectable AuNP-ECM may have the ability to mitigate inflammation and apoptosis.

In vivo biocompatibility testing of nanoparticle-functionalized alginate–chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

“…In our study, incorporating AuNp + Alg increases the percentage of occupied area within the scaffold, thus reducing the areas of necrosis (Figures 3A, C). Similar results were reported in previous studies (Snider et al, 2022;Cheng et al, 2023). In vitro, reduction of cell death by apoptosis in chondrocytes was observed when a decellularized matrix functionalized with 20 nm AuNp was used (Snider et al, 2022).…”

“…Similar results were reported in previous studies (Snider et al, 2022;Cheng et al, 2023). In vitro, reduction of cell death by apoptosis in chondrocytes was observed when a decellularized matrix functionalized with 20 nm AuNp was used (Snider et al, 2022). Moreover, the presence of FBGC on and around implanted biomaterials is considered evidence of a chronic inflammatory response of the host tissue to these materials (McNally and Anderson, 2015).…”

Mechanism study of BMSC-exosomes combined with hyaluronic acid gel in the treatment of posttraumatic osteoarthritis

“…The accumulation of ROS may also provoke the apoptosis of chondrocytes via the mitochondrial pathway, a mechanism closely linked to the advancement of PTOA. Additionally, ROS's influence on autophagy and mitochondrial function, by affecting the dynamics of mitochondrial fusion and fission, interferes with cellular energy metabolism and viability, serving as a pivotal factor in the pathophysiology of PTOA [ [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] ]. Exosome extraction from cells typically yields limited amounts, challenging their clinical application due to complex and costly separation and purification processes.…”

Anti-inflammatory role of gold nanoparticles in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

“…, proteins, lipids) and possess rich structural properties. 25 In the biomedical field, nanomaterials show great promise in targeted drug delivery, diagnostic testing, evaluation, and treatment of diseases by engaging in biomolecular interactions through manipulable physical, chemical, and biological properties. 26…”

“…24 Nanomaterials are classified into inorganic (e.g., metals) and organic nanomaterials (e.g., proteins, lipids) and possess rich structural properties. 25 In the biomedical field, nanomaterials show great promise in targeted drug delivery, diagnostic testing, evaluation, and treatment of diseases by engaging in biomolecular interactions through manipulable physical, chemical, and biological properties. 26 AuNPs, as a kind of noble metal nanostructures, show high activity differentiated from the macroscopic size.…”