Investigation of aluminum particle combustion for underwater propulsion applications

Foote, John; Lineberry, J.T.; Thompson, B. R.; Winkelman, Bradley

doi:10.2514/6.1996-3086

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…From the entrance of the h acceleration of air, particles are accelerated by the drag force, but the velocity of particles ach that of the air at the orifice exit due to collision between the particles and the orifice compared to the less steep one. If the jet contains more particles, large eddies, which are produced by entrained air, easily break up into small eddies (Gillandt et al, 2001). This phenomenon causes that the momentum exchange to become small, and therefore the velocity profile of the particles becomes steep.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A uniform distribution of the metal particles in the jet helps their total surface to be larger, so the oxide films are able to melt easier. In the combustion reaction of water and hydro-reactive particles, Foote et al (1996) reported that uniform mixing performance of water and the hydro-reactive particles causes a decrease of the ignition temperature and increase of the flame propagation speed, which indicate an increase in the specific impulse. Therefore, in order to design shear coaxial injectors that are able to uniformly spray water and particles, basic experiments on spray characteristics of the solid particles with the fluidization medium are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They concluded that the decrease of the particle primary diameter causes a reduction of the air velocity decay rate and the particle spreading angle, due to a decrease in the turbulent intensity. Gillandt et al (2001) investigated the effects of influence turbulence modulation by analyzing the one-dimensional energy spectra of the axial velocity fluctuations for single and two phase jet flows. The addition of the particles to the jet causes turbulence intensity decrease because turbulence energy in the jet is dissipated by Int'l J. of Aeronautical & Space Sci.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of the particles to the jet causes turbulence intensity decrease because turbulence energy in the jet is dissipated by Int'l J. of Aeronautical & Space Sci. 12(3), 296-304 (2011) friction with the particle surface (Gillandt et al, 2001). Thus, it was found that the turbulent intensity is decreased with increasing total particle surface in the jet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Particle Loading Ratio and Orifice Exit Velocity on a Particle-Laden Jet

Paik¹,

Yoon²,

Hwang³

et al. 2011

International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences

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In order to design a shear coaxial injector of solid particles with water, basic experiments on a particle laden jet are necessary. The purpose of the present study is to understand the effect of particle loading ratio on the particle spray characteristics (i.e. spreading angle, distribution of particle number density, velocity profiles, and particle developing region length). Hydro-reactive Al2O3 particles with a primary particle diameter of 35~50 μm are used in this experiment. An automated particle feeder was designed to supply constant particle mass flowrates. Air is used as the carrier gas. To determine the air velocity at the orifice exit, tracers (aluminum oxide, 0.5~2 μm primary diameter) are also supplied by a tracer feeder. A plain orifice type injector with 3 mm diameter, and 20 mm length was adopted. Particle image velocimetry is used to measure the mean and fluctuating velocity components along the axial and radial directions. air mass flow rate m p particle mass flow rate N c particle number density along the centerline N r particle number density along the radial direction r radial distance r 1/2 radial distance at 50 % velocity of centerline velocity U c mean axial velocity of centerline U o mean axial air velocity of orifice exit U r mean axial velocity along the radial direction V r mean raial velocity along the radial direction u' rms velocity fluctuation x distance from the orifice exit

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Particle Loading Ratio and Orifice Exit Velocity on a Particle-Laden Jet

Paik¹,

Yoon²,

Hwang³

et al. 2011

International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences

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“…1 Shape of cavitator 초공동 어뢰를 개발하기 위해서는 초공동발생기술 (Alyanak, et al, 2004;Rabiee, et al, 2011a,b;Savchenko, 2002;Semenenko, 2001), 로켓추진기술 (Foot, et al 1996;Miller & Herr, 2004), 운동 제어기술 (Ahn, 2007;Balas, et al, 2006;) 등 다양한 핵심기술이 집약되어야 하는데, 이들은 통상적인 수중운 동체 기술과 차이가 많아서 기존 기술의 적용에 한계가 있으며, 개발되어 있는 기술도 군사, 안보적인 이유로 공개되지 않아서 핵심기술에 관련된 연구결과 및 자료에 대한 접근이 극히 제한되 어 있는 실정이다. 국내에서도 초공동 수중운동체에 대한 핵심기 술의 개발이 중요한 이슈로 떠오르고, 관련 연구도 활발해지고 있지만 (Ahn, et al, 2010;Ahn, et al, 2012;Petipas, et al, 2011;Yoon, et al, 2011;Chung, et al, 2012;Byun, et al, 2011) …”

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Numerical Analysis of Supercavitating Flows of Two-Dimensional Simple Bodies

Lee¹,

Choi²,

Kim³

2013

Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea

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1This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.In this paper, a numerical analysis is carried out to study the characteristics of supercavitating flows and the drag of relatively simple two-dimensional and axisymmetric bodies which can be used for supercavity generation device, cavitator, of a high-speed underwater vehicle. In order to investigate the suitability of numerical models, cavity flows around the hemispherical head form and two-dimensional wedge are calculated with combinations of three turbulence models(standard   , realizable   , Reynolds stress) and two cavitation models(Schnerr-Sauer, Zwart-Gerber-Belamri). From the results, it is confirmed that the calculated cavity flow is more affected by the turbulence model than the cavitation model. For the calculation of steady state cavity flows, the convergence in case of the realizable    model is better than the other turbulence models. The numerical result of the Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model is changed less by turbulence model and more robust than the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri model. Thus the realizable    turbulence model and the Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model are applied to calculate supercavitating flows around disks, two dimensional 10° and 30°wedges. In case of the disk, the cavitation number dependences of the cavity size and the drag coefficient predicted are similar to either experimental data or Reichardt's semi-empirical equations, but the drag coefficient is overestimated about 3% higher than the Reichardt's equation. In case of the wedges, the cavitation number dependences of the cavity size are similar to experimental data and Newman's linear theory, and the agreement of the cavity length predicted and Newman's linear theory becomes better as decreasing cavitation number. However, the drag coefficients of wedges agree more with experimental data than those of Newman's analytic solution. The cavitation number dependences of the drag coefficients of both the disk and the wedge appear linear and simple formula for estimating the drag of supercavitating disks and wedges are suggested. Consequently, the CFD scheme of this study can be applied for numerical analysis of supercavitating flows of the cavitator and the cavitator design.

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Potential of Aluminum as a Metal Fuel for Supporting EU Long‐Term Energy Storage Needs

Barelli,

Trombetti,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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The EU's energy transition necessitates availability of green energy carriers with high volumetric energy densities for long‐term energy storage (ES) needs. A fully decarbonized scenario considering renewable energy availability is analyzed underpinning the need for such carriers. Considering the shortcomings of Power‐to‐X technologies in terms of efficiency and low volumetric density, Aluminum (Al) is identified as a potential alternative showing significantly high volumetric energy densities (23.5 kWh L−1). In this paper, an Al‐based long‐term ES concept is investigated, taking advantage of the inherent recycling of the active species (i.e., Al2O3 to Al) coupling decarbonized Hall–Héroult process with an Al‐steam oxidation for simultaneous hydrogen (H2) and heat generation. This work demonstrates an innovative lab‐scale fine Al powder‐steam oxidation process at ≈900 °C without use of catalysts or additives, exploiting alumina as inert material. Conducted SEM‐EDX analysis on oxidized Al provides supporting evidence in favor of employed oxidation pathway, hindering tendency of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) clumping and enabling direct use of oxides in the smelting process for fully recyclability. Moreover, outcomes of XRD analyses are presented to validate the measured total H2 yields.

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Investigation of aluminum particle combustion for underwater propulsion applications

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Particle Loading Ratio and Orifice Exit Velocity on a Particle-Laden Jet

Effect of Particle Loading Ratio and Orifice Exit Velocity on a Particle-Laden Jet

Numerical Analysis of Supercavitating Flows of Two-Dimensional Simple Bodies

Potential of Aluminum as a Metal Fuel for Supporting EU Long‐Term Energy Storage Needs

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