Investigation of air emissions from artisanal petroleum refineries in the Niger-Delta Nigeria

Onakpohor, Anthony; Fakinle, Bamidele Sunday; Sonibare, Jacob Ademola; Oke, Michael Abidemi; Akeredolu, F.A.

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05608

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For instance, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, one of the major sources of air pollution is the continuous gas flaring and gaseous emissions emanating from artisanal oil refining. The release of these hydrocarbon effluents into the environment cause severe damage to both land and marine ecosystem [176][177][178].…”

Section: Wastewater Treatment and Noxiousmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Applications of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Shells

Aimikhe

Lekia

2021

CJAST

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The waste generated by the periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) shell cannot be undermined. In coastal communities worldwide, periwinkle is a major source of proteins and other vital minerals in most delicacies. The shells of these aquatic species, notable for their nutrient provision, contribute to environmental degradation because of the indiscriminate disposal. The absence of a proper waste management program leads to the blockage of drainages, resulting in flooding. This study reviews the various avenues by which the Tympanotonus fuscatus shell can be processed and utilized. The review was conducted to synthesize the current body of knowledge in the research area to help present a proper perspective to periwinkle shell utilization. The study showed that periwinkle shell could effectively be utilized directly as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates and cement in concrete, and in the adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater. The shell was also a suitable replacement for asbestos in brakepad production. Perspectives for future research in periwinkle shell utilization as raw materials for the production of synthetic stones and ceramic mugs, calcium supplements, fluid loss control additive for drilling mud, adsorbents for poisonous and odorous gas capture were identified. Other areas of future research include the use of periwinkle shells as gravel pack and fluid proppants alternatives in oil and gas wells and as replacements for molecular sieves in natural gas conditioning and biogas upgrading.

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Section: Wastewater Treatment and Noxiousmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Applications of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Shells

Aimikhe

Lekia

2021

CJAST

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“…The results also show that SOx and NOx concentrations in the polluted site were more in the atmosphere during the dry season than wet season. SOx and NOx are among criteria air pollutants associated with the formation of acid rain [4]. Concern for these gases (SOx and NOx) and other the air pollutants such as O 3 , particulate matter and CO, is that they can be dispersed far beyond the point of generation owing to diffusion, and can be inhaled or deposited on biota, with potential to cause severe physiological impairments and diseases [4,5,15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nigeria is a leading exporter of crude oil in Africa with little refining capacity [1]. The availability of crude oil stolen from networks of pipelines crisscrossing the Niger Delta has led to the boom in artisanal crude oil refineries both as a means to provide cheap fuel and a source of economic empowerment to the indigenous people who have been agitating for resource control [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artisanal crude oil refining soot, which is a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons [8], as well as other pollutant of various species, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, various gaseous hydrocarbons including methane, oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, particulates, ash and heavy metals [4,8,10]. These pollutants alter the physicochemical and microbiological quality of air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air Quality at Artisanal Crude Oil Refinery Sites in Igia-Ama, Tombia Kingdom, Rivers State, Nigeria

Onwuna¹,

Stanley²,

Abu³

et al. 2022

AJARR

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Artisanal crude oil refining is an illegal operation thriving in the oil-rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria, and their activities are known to cause serious air pollution, evident by incidences of black soot pollution in many parts of this region. This study aimed to ascertain the air quality around artisanal crude oil refinery sites situated in Igia-Ama, Tombia Kingdom, Rivers State, Nigeria. Air quality assessment was carried out using air quality sensor for physicochemical parameters and settle plate exposure for microbial parameters, monitored for both dry and wet seasons. During the wet season, SOx, NOx, VOC, CH4, CO, CO2,O3, NH3, H2S, PM 1, PM 2.5, PM 7, PM10, TSP, Noise, Wind speed, Air temperature, Relative humidity concentration ranged from 0-0.05 ppm, 0.04 - 0.07 ppm, 1004.00 - 1320.00 ppm, 34.33 - 39.67 ppm, 1.33 - 3.00 ppm, 765.00-1556.67 ppm, 0.2 to 0.3 ppm, 0.05 to 0.10 ppm, 0.13 to 0.20 ppm, 15.73 - 0 21.50 µg/m3, 33.53-34.17 µg/m3, 55.47 - 55.93 µg/m3, 64.30 - 67.50 µg/m3, 49.60 - 76.97 µg/m3, 45.63– 48.37dB, 1.13 -1.23 M/S, 28.30 - 29.73oC and 63.13 - 69.23 % respectively. During the dry season, SOx, NOx, VOC, CH4, CO, CO2, O3, NH3, H2S, PM 1, PM 2.5, PM 7, PM10, TSP, Noise, Wind speed, Air temperature, Relative humidity concentration ranged from 0.08-0.53 ppm, 0.12 - 0.19 ppm, 1027.33 - 1750.33 ppm, 21.00 - 50.33 ppm, 1.33 – 2.67 ppm, 1226.67-1551540.00 ppm, 0.09 to 0.55 ppm, 0.04 to 0.09 ppm, 0.04 to 0.63 ppm, 26.47 - 33.97 µg/m3, 39.60-51.23 µg/m3, 57.90 - 84.27 µg/m3, 89.13 - 100.17 µg/m3, 128.83 – 170.30 µg/m3, 49.17– 56.73dB, 0.15 -1.97 M/S, 29.07 - 32.57oC and 66.67 - 71.87 % respectively. Results revealed statically significant differences (p<0.05) in air parameters per season (dry and wet) and between impacted sites and control, as regards NOx, VOC, CO2, O3, PM 1, PM 2.5, PM 4, PM 7, PM 10, TSP and noise levels. During the dry season, Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Count (THBC) ranged from 4.4-4.8 log CFU/m3, and Total Fungal Count (TFC) from 4.4-4.8 log CFU/m3. During the wet season THBC ranged from 4.9-5.2 log CFU/m3 and TFC ranged from 2.5-4.6 log CFU/m3. Results revealed no statically significant differences (p<0.05) in microbial count per season (dry and wet) as well as between the polluted sites and control. The bacterial isolates were identified as belonging to five genera: Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Escherichia, while the fungal isolates belong to three genera: Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium. The excessive concentrations of NOx, SOx, and the presence of allergenic and pathogenic microorganisms could pose danger to public health.

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“…The refining process releases several types of air pollutants which include hydrocarbon compounds, carbon monoxide, (CO), oxides of sulphur (SO X ), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), particulate matter (PM), benzene, Lead (Pb) etc. (Onokpohor et al, 2020;Fakinle et al, 2020). Apart from WRPC, other secondary pollutant sources include mobile sources such as moving vehicles and stationary sources such as power generating sets at homes and hotels, kitchen fire places, petrol stations and vehicle servicing stations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluating Some Factors which Influence Air Pollutant Concentration around the Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company (WRPC) of Nigeria

Balogun

Odjugo

2021

Aswan University Journal of Environmental Studies

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The study assesses potential variables which influence the concentration of air pollution around a point source. Seven categories of air pollutants were monitored around the Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company (WRPC) of Nigeria, which comprised carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOC), Hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S), Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) and Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ). Sampling points were located in the range of 1.5 km to 16 km. Air quality was sampled intermittently and weekly for one year. Ttest analyses was used to determine significant differences in air pollutant concentration on the basis of orientation and seasonality. Regression analysis was also used to assess the influence of selected predictors on pollutant concentration around WRPC. Except for H 2 S, the prediction models for CO, VOC, SO 2 , NO 2 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 were statistically significant with R 2 values of 0.014, 0.215, 0.022, 0.582, 0.17 and 0.45, respectively. The results revealed that the concentration of pollutants was influenced by the combination of the factors (distance from WRPC, orientation from WRPC, seasonality and climatic variables such as atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and wind speed), which served as the predictors in the model. The study recommends that arrangements of industrial and residential land uses by urban planning authorities be patterned, taking into consideration factors such as distance and orientation from pollution point-sources.

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Investigation of air emissions from artisanal petroleum refineries in the Niger-Delta Nigeria

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

An Overview of the Applications of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Shells

An Overview of the Applications of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Shells

Air Quality at Artisanal Crude Oil Refinery Sites in Igia-Ama, Tombia Kingdom, Rivers State, Nigeria

Evaluating Some Factors which Influence Air Pollutant Concentration around the Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company (WRPC) of Nigeria

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