Investigation of Acid and Bile Tolerance, Antimicrobial Activity and Antibiotic Resistance of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Kazakh Dairy Foods

Dong

Journal of Oral Microbiology

et al. 2022

Background Probiotic lozenges have been developed to harvest the benefits of probiotics for oral health, but their long-term consumption may encourage the transfer of resistance genes from probiotics to commensals, and eventually to disease-causing bacteria. Aim To screen commercial probiotic lozenges for resistance to antibiotics, characterize the resistance determinants, and examine their transferability in vitro . Results Probiotics of all lozenges were resistant to glycopeptide, sulfonamide, and penicillin antibiotics, while some were resistant to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. High minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were detected for streptomycin (>128 µg/mL) and chloramphenicol (> 512 µg/mL) for all probiotics but only one was resistant to piperacillin (MIC = 32 µg/mL). PCR analysis detected erythromycin ( erm(T), ermB or mefA ) and fluoroquinolone ( parC or gyr(A) ) resistance genes in some lozenges although there were no resistant phenotypes. The dfrD, cat-TC, vatE, aadE, vanX , and aph(3”)-III or ant(2”)-I genes conferring resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, quinupristin/dalfopristin, vancomycin, and streptomycin, respectively, were detected in resistant probiotics. The rifampicin resistance gene rpoB was also present. We found no conjugal transfer of streptomycin resistance genes in our co-incubation experiments. Conclusion Our study represents the first antibiotic resistance profiling of probiotics from oral lozenges, thus highlighting the health risk especially in the prevailing threat of drug resistance globally.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the drug resistance profiles of oral probiotic lozenges

Dong

Journal of Oral Microbiology

et al. 2022

“…It is common for commercial probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (Wang et al, 2018) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (Corcoran et al, 2005) to be added with sugars or proteins for different buffering capacities, and combined with modern encapsulation technologies (Gbassi and Vandamme, 2012), they can increase the survivability of probiotics transiting in the gastrointestinal tract. Yet, reports of poor tolerance to acids and bile salts of commercial probiotic strains isolated from functional foods (Liong and Shah, 2005;Succi et al, 2005;Sahadeva et al, 2011;Hassanzadazar et al, 2012;Nagyzbekkyzy et al, 2016) suggest that the improvements may be too minimal or transient to be meaningful in vivo. For instance, bacterial strains were considered to be tolerant under short exposures (e.g., 1-2 h) to acids and bile salts (Liong and Shah, 2005;Nagyzbekkyzy et al, 2016), whereas in the gastrointestinal tract, probiotics may be exposed to acidic conditions for approximately 5 to 8 h (Maurer et al, 2015).…”

Section: Probiotics From Health Supplements Have Poor Tolerance To Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, reports of poor tolerance to acids and bile salts of commercial probiotic strains isolated from functional foods (Liong and Shah, 2005;Succi et al, 2005;Sahadeva et al, 2011;Hassanzadazar et al, 2012;Nagyzbekkyzy et al, 2016) suggest that the improvements may be too minimal or transient to be meaningful in vivo. For instance, bacterial strains were considered to be tolerant under short exposures (e.g., 1-2 h) to acids and bile salts (Liong and Shah, 2005;Nagyzbekkyzy et al, 2016), whereas in the gastrointestinal tract, probiotics may be exposed to acidic conditions for approximately 5 to 8 h (Maurer et al, 2015). As such, it remains uncertain if and to what degree probiotics from supplements can confer the claimed health benefits.…”

Section: Probiotics From Health Supplements Have Poor Tolerance To Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Supplements: Hope or Hype?

et al. 2020

Probiotic bacteria have been associated with various health benefits and included in overwhelming number of foods. Today, probiotic supplements are consumed with increasing regularity and record a rapidly growing economic value. With billions of heterogeneous populations of probiotics per serving, probiotic supplements contain the largest quantity of probiotics across all functional foods. They often carry antibioticresistant determinants that can be transferred to and accumulate in resident bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract and risk their acquisitions by opportunistic pathogens. While the health benefits of probiotics have been widely publicized, this health risk, however, is underrepresented in both scientific studies and public awareness. On the other hand, the human gut presents conditions that are unfavorable for bacteria, including probiotics. It remains uncertain if probiotics from supplements can tolerate acids and bile salts that may undermine their effectiveness in conferring health benefits. Here, we put into perspective the perceived health benefits and the long-term safety of consuming probiotic supplements, specifically bringing intolerance to acids and bile salts, and the long-standing issue of antibiotic-resistant gene transfer into sharp focus. We report that probiotics from supplements examined in this study have poor tolerance to acids and bile salts while also displaying resistance to multiple antibiotics. They could also adapt and gain resistance to streptomycin in vitro. In an environment where consuming supplements is considered a norm, our results and that of others will put in perspective the persisting concerns surrounding probiotic supplements so that the current hype does not overpower the hope.

Tomsk State University Journal of Biology

“…Recent studies have revealed the presence and expression of antibiotic resistant genes in the probiotics used in food and aquaculture [33][34][35][36]. It is accepted that the possibility of transfer is related to the genetic basis of the resistance mechanism, whether the resistance is acquired as a result of chromosomal mutations (intrinsic) or by horizontal gene transfer.…”

Section: Assessment Of Antibiotic Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The good example of intrinsic mechanisms is vancomycin resistance of LAB. In addition, it was shown that 70% of LAB were intrinsically resistant to gentamycin when the Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) breakpoints of the Scientific Committee of Animal Nutrition (SCAN) were used [34].…”

Section: Assessment Of Antibiotic Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) intestine in winter (Northern Kazakhstan)

Urazova¹,

Zakaryа²,

Sarmurzina³

et al. 2020

Currently, in Kazakhstan, chemical agents and antibiotics are widely used for treatment and prevention of fish diseases at fish farms. The use of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics can help reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance in this area. The aim of the present study was to isolate the intestinal lactic acid bacteria of wintering carps. We assume that such bacteria can have more adaptive properties and can be used as probiotics for growing carp juveniles at fish farms. A probiotic characteristic of 22 lactic acid bacteria isolated from Common carp intestines was studied. Universal primers were used to determine the sequence of 16S rRNA gene fragments of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Phylogenetic relationships of the isolates were estimated using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method in Mega 6,0. All identified isolates can grow in temperature range from 10° C to 37° C and in presence of bile salt. The isolated bacteria were screened for antibacterial activity, resistance to bile, resistance to antibiotics and growth at low temperatures. All isolates were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit the growth of Shewanella xiamenensis, Pseudomonas taiwanensis, Ps. aeruginosa and Aeromonas punctata. As a result, 7 isolates with strong antagonistic activity were selected. 16S rDNA gene sequencing identified 4 isolates as Lactobacillus fermentum, 2 - as L. casei/paracasei and 1 - as Pediococcus pentosaceus. Antibiotic resistance profile of selected strains was studied, too. This study is the first attempt for Kazakhstan to isolate and study the representatives of the normal intestinal microflora of commercial fish species. Selective strains could be potential probiotics for freshwater aquaculture practices in Kazakhstan.