Investigation of a solvent polluted industrial site on a deep sandstone-mudstone sequence in the UK. Part 1. Site description and groundwater flow

Chloride Diffusion in Concrete Exposed to Wetting and Drying Cycles

“…The concept of the double-porosity has been studied by many researchers and applied for several diverse problems such as a single phase within a naturally fracture reservoir, water flow in dolostones, ionic transport in soils, ionic solution flow in fracture rocks, groundwater flow, waste and contaminant transport in soils, fluid flow in pavement, chloride penetration into concrete, the acoustic modelling of perforated concrete, and moisture flow induced creep in concrete [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In the present study, the governing equations of moisture and chloride transport in concrete will be formulated based on Darcy's law and Fick's law, respectively, associated with double-porosity model.…”

A double-porosity model for water flow in unsaturated concrete

“…The concept of the double-porosity was developed in early 1960s for modelling the flow of a single component in a single phase within a naturally fractured reservoir (see, for example, [13]). Later, the concept has been applied to water transport in dolostones [14,15], ionic transport in soils [16], ionic solution flow in fractured rocks [17], modelling of groundwater flow [18], modelling of waste and contaminant transport in soils [19,20], modelling of fluid flow in pavement [21], modelling of chloride penetration in concrete [12], investigation of interaction between ordinary Portland cement and opalinus clay [22], and study of the characteristic behaviour of a permeable medium containing regions which contribute significantly to the pore volume of the system but negligibly to the flow capacity [23]. The mathematical derivation of the double-porosity model for general porous materials was provided in references [24,25].…”