Investigation of a novel SMS fiber based planar multimode waveguide and its sensing performance

Wang, Xianfan; Zhang, Jiquan; Tian, Ke; Wang, Shunbin; Yuan, Libo; Lewis, Elfed; Farrell, Gerald; Wang, Pengfei

doi:10.1364/oe.26.026534

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Chen et al functionalized a tapered SHCF for hCG detection with an LoD of 0.6 mIU/mL [212]. The tapered section can also utilise a variety of other types of fibers, such as a few mode fiber [213][214][215], a photonic crystal fiber [216], a ring core fiber [217], a microstructured fiber [218], a side-polished fiber [219] and a dual side hole fiber [220].…”

Section: A a Tapered Sms Fiber Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications—A Review

Liu

et al. 2021

IEEE Sensors J.

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A singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure consists of a short section of multimode fiber fusionspliced between two SMS fibers. The mechanism underpinning the operation of an SMS fiber structure is multimode interference and associated self-imaging. SMS structures can be used in a variety of optical fiber systems but are most commonly used as sensors for a variety of parameters, ranging from macro-world measurands such as temperature, strain, vibration, flow rate, RI and humidity to the micro-world with measurands such as proteins, pathogens, DNA, and specific molecules. While traditional SMS structures employ a short section of standard multimode fiber, a large number of structures have been investigated and demonstrated over the last decade involving the replacement of the multimode fiber section with alternatives such as a hollow core fiber or a tapered fiber. The objective of replacing the multimode fiber has most often been to allow sensing of different measurands or to improve sensitivity. In this paper, several different categories of SMS fiber structures, including traditional SMS, modified SMS and tapered SMS fiber structures are discussed with some theoretical underpinning and reviews of a wide variety of sensing examples and recent advances. The paper then summarizes and compares the performances of a variety of sensors which have been published under a number of headings. The paper concludes by considering the challenges faced by SMS based sensing schemes in terms of their deployment in real world applications and discusses possible future developments of SMS fiber sensors.

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Section: A a Tapered Sms Fiber Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications—A Review

Liu

et al. 2021

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…where F m (r) is the field profile of LP 0m , β m is the propagation constant of the m th order mode, and e m is the corresponding excitation coefficient that can be calculated as follows [32]:…”

Section: Principle and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-insensitive refractometer based on an RI-modulated singlemode-multimode-singlemode fibre structure

et al. 2019

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A temperature-insensitive refractometer based on a refractive index (RI)modulated singlemode-multimode-singlemode (RMSMS) fibre structure is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In this investigation, a combination of no-core fibre (NCF) and multimode fibre (MMF) regions provides an RI modulation region due to the difference in RI between the NCF and the MMF. In effect, by periodically embedding the NCF within the MMF section of a singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fibre structure, a long-period grating (LPG) can be effectively introduced in the MMF section, and the excited cladding modes are therefore able to sense surrounding RI variation. The modulation parameters are determined from the numerical simulations, and the experimental results show the maximum RI sensitivity of the fabricated sample is as high as 206.96 nm/RIU. In addition, the proposed RMSMS fibre structure is proven to be unaffected by external temperature variation (in the wavelength domain), which is a very attractive feature in practical sensing applications.

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“…Among these, fiber-optic sensors have been actively explored owing to their unparalleled advantages, such as a compact size, fast response, high resolution, robustness in harsh environments, and immunity to electromagnetic interference [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Thus far, several fiber-optic designs for RI sensing have been presented, including Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) [ 7 ], Fabry–Pérot interferometers [ 8 ], fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) [ 9 , 10 ], intermodal interferometers [ 11 ], and multimode interferometers (MIs) [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Generally, the sensing mechanisms rely on either the variation in optical intensity or the shift in wavelength to underpin the operation of the RI sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Refractive Index Sensor Based on a Dual-Side Polished SMS Fiber Enabled by Femtosecond Laser Writing

Jiang

Aberdeen

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Fiber-optic refractive index (RI) sensors based on wavelength-shift-based interrogation continue to present a challenge in achieving high sensitivity for a wide detection range. In this paper, we propose a sensor for determining the RI of liquids based on femtosecond laser (fs-laser) writing of a dual-side polished singlemode–multimode–singlemode (SMS) fiber. The proposed sensor can determine the RI value of a surrounding liquid by detecting the dip wavelength in the transmission spectrum of the light propagating through the sensing area. The high RI sensitivity is attributed to the increased interaction area established by the fs-laser, which creates hydrophilic surfaces and maintains the wide detection range of the SMS structure. The results of the wavelength-shift-based interrogation reveal that the fabricated device exhibited a high sensitivity of 161.40 nm per refractive index unit (RIU) over a wide RI detection range of 0.062 RIU. The proposed device has high processing accuracy and a simple manufacturing process. Hence, it has the potential to be used as a lab-on-fiber sensing platform in chemical and biotechnological applications.

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Investigation of a novel SMS fiber based planar multimode waveguide and its sensing performance

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications—A Review

Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications—A Review

Temperature-insensitive refractometer based on an RI-modulated singlemode-multimode-singlemode fibre structure

Highly Efficient Refractive Index Sensor Based on a Dual-Side Polished SMS Fiber Enabled by Femtosecond Laser Writing

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