Investigation of a Medical Plant for Hepatic Diseases with Secoiridoids Using HPLC and FT-IR Spectroscopy for a Case of Gentiana rigescens

Abstract

Secoiridoids could be used as a potential new drug for the treatment of hepatic disease. The content of secoiridoids of G. rigescens varied in different geographical origins and parts. In this study, a total of 783 samples collected from different parts of G. rigescens in Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou Provinces. The content of secoiridoids including gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, and sweroside were determined by using HPLC and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Two selected variables including direct selected and variable importance in projection combined with partial least squares regression have been used to establish a method for the determination of secoiridoids using FT-IR spectroscopy. In addition, different pretreatments including multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variate (SNV), first derivative and second derivative (SD), and orthogonal signal correction (OSC) were compared. The results indicated that the sample (root, stem, and leaf) with total secoiridoids, gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, and sweroside from west Yunnan had higher content than samples from the other regions. The sample from Baoshan had more total secoiridoids than other samples for the whole medicinal plant. The best performance using FT-IR for the total secoiridoid was with the direct selected variable method involving pretreatment of MSC+OSC+SD in the root and stem, while in leaf, of the best method involved using original data with MSC+OSC+SD. This method could be used to determine the bioactive compounds quickly for herbal medicines.

Chemical Profile, Cytotoxic Activity and Oxidative Stress Reduction of Different Syringa vulgaris L. Extracts

“…Within a similar range, terpene-associated stretching vibrations of C=O had contribution to band from 1694–1702 cm −1 [ 23 ]. Another terpene-associated peak was observed in the range 2901–2909 cm −1 and was caused by the C–H stretching vibration [ 20 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Furthermore, the peaks found between 885–890 cm −1 and 2925–2933 cm −1 were associated with the presence of CH 2 functional group, while the peak between 1256–1268 cm −1 could be attributed to C–O stretching vibration from both terpene and iridoids [ 23 ].…”

“…Furthermore, the peaks found between 885–890 cm −1 and 2925–2933 cm −1 were associated with the presence of CH 2 functional group, while the peak between 1256–1268 cm −1 could be attributed to C–O stretching vibration from both terpene and iridoids [ 23 ]. A strong peak in the range 1076–1079 cm −1 was caused by iridoids stretching vibration of –C–OH [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Presence of flavonols in the S. vulgaris analyzed extracts could also be confirmed.…”

“…Presence of flavonols in the S. vulgaris analyzed extracts could also be confirmed. Therefore, the peak occurring within range 1596–1608 cm −1 could be attributed to C=C stretching vibrations from the structure of both flavonols and iridoids [ 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Similarly, in the FT-IR spectra of S. vulgaris analyzed extracts, flavonols possess C–O–C, C=C and CH 3 functional groups which display peaks between 924–930 cm −1 , 1159–1162 cm −1 and 1385–1404 cm −1 respectively [ 20 , 23 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] ( Table 2 and Table 3 ).…”