Investigation of a Copper-based Hoard from the Megalithic Site of al-Midamman, Yemen: an Interdisciplinary Approach

Giumlía-Mair, Alessandra; Keall, Edward J.; Shugar, Aaron; Stock, Susan

doi:10.1006/jasc.2001.0686

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Since the pioneer work of Organ [1] on corrosion structure developed with copper-based alloys, numerous advances have been made to understand the material corrosion [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, most of the previous works were concerned with simulations using modern copper electrodes, which have limits in understanding the corrosion process and in building any specific preservation procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ethnographic copper corrosion

Souissi

Triki

2009

Materials & Corrosion

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Analytical and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the alteration of Tunisian ethnographic copper artefacts. Analytical results confirmed the existence of the bulk material in both objects constituting the ethnographic set. The bulk material was identified as a copper alloy with about 11% carbon content. The material was plated with a tin-based coating prior to use. Alteration characterization showed that corrosion is more severe at the bottom of the 'Kiskes' where the object was submitted to the hot steam. EN results reflected the interaction of the aggressive anion (Cl À ) with the passive layer and the condensation of cation vacancies. Three anodic peaks were evidenced in the polarization curve corresponding to the oxidation of Sn(II), Cu(0) and Cu(I). A hysteresis loop was detected in the reversed scan confirming surface pitting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ethnographic copper corrosion

Souissi

Triki

2009

Materials & Corrosion

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“…Lead is insoluble in copper and, if used in higher quantities, forms globules dispersed in the alloy, which weaken the metal and render it prone to cracking under hammering (Giumlia-Mair et al . 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Setting for the Northern Border of the Veneti: Metallic Finds From the Venetic Site of Monte Calvario, Auronzo Di Cadore*

et al. 2005

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In 2000 several bronze and lead objects were discovered at the Venetic‐Roman site (200 bc–ad 200) of Monte Calvario di Auronzo, in the Italian eastern Alps. They were mostly finished artefacts plus semi‐worked products. Analysis included SEM–EDS, EMPA, XRPD, TMS and AMS spectrometry. The compositional results of the finished artefacts suggest that the choice of the alloy had been made according to the decorative techniques to be used. A semi‐worked high‐leaded bronze object indicates the existence of a metallurgical production of cast artefacts at the site. TMS analyses of a lead ingot exclude local provenance, proving the existence of important trade routes.

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“…As well as for the arsenic content, the low occurrence of tin (<2.0 wt.%) could depend on the remelting of copper-tin alloys without the addition of fresh tin or on the use of polymetallic copper ores with tin impurities as well (Tylecote 1976;Rovira and Montero-Ruiz 2003). An alternative interpretation has been proposed by Giumlia-Mair et al that states that poor tin metals from the site of al-Midamman (Yemen), dating back to the half of the III millennium BC, could also be interpreted as evidence for tests performed by ancient metallurgists in their quest to experiment adding Sn as a new alloying compound (Giumlia-Mair et al 2002).…”

Section: Ortiz 2003)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive characterization of archeological Cu-based artifacts from the early metallurgy of southern Portugal

Bottaini

Brunetti

Bordalo

et al. 2017

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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In this study, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations combined with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy have been used to characterize nondestructively a collection of Cu-based artifacts recovered from two archeological sites in southern Portugal: (a) the Chalcolithic E.T.A.R. site of Vila Nova de Mil Fontes and (b) the Middle Bronze Age site of Quinta do Estácio 6. The metal artifacts show a multilayered structure made up of three distinct layers: (a) brownish carbonate soil-derived crust, (b) green oxidized corrosion patina, and (c) bulk metal. In order to assess the reliability of the EDXRF-based Monte Carlo simulations to reproduce the composition of the alloy substrate in archeological bronze artifacts without the need to previously remove the superficial corrosion and soil derived patinas, EDXRF analysis together with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was also performed on cleaned and patina-/crust-coated areas of the artifacts. Characterization of the mineralogical composition of the corrosion products in the surface patinas was further determined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results suggest that the adopted EDXRF/Monte Carlo protocol may represent a safe and fast analytical approach in the quantitative characterization of the bulk chemical composition of Cubased metal artifacts even in the presence of fairly thick corrosion patinas and/or soil-derived encrustations at the surface of the archeological objects.

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Investigation of a Copper-based Hoard from the Megalithic Site of al-Midamman, Yemen: an Interdisciplinary Approach

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization of ethnographic copper corrosion

Characterization of ethnographic copper corrosion

A New Setting for the Northern Border of the Veneti: Metallic Finds From the Venetic Site of Monte Calvario, Auronzo Di Cadore*

Non-destructive characterization of archeological Cu-based artifacts from the early metallurgy of southern Portugal

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