“…However, although artisanal and small-scale mining activities contribute to local economies, social and economic development in low-income countries, it has significant environmental, social, safety and health Writing -review & editing: L. Baratoux impacts (Adon Simon et al, 2016;Alibert et al, 2011;Alshaebi et al, 2009;Callil & Junk, 2010;Hilson, 2002;Martin & Hélène, 2017;Mkpuma et al, 2015;Mudd, 2007;Omara et al, 2019;Sheriff et al, 2018). These artisanal gold mining activities contribute to deforestation, land degradation, soil, water, and air pollution, and are responsible for the loss of the biodiversity (Amadou & Bouzou, 2016;Association Vie et Développement, 2018;Organisation Internationale du Travail, 2009;Ousseini Zakaria et al, 2018, 2019Razack, 2002;Tankari Dan-Badjo et al, 2014, 2019Yacouba, 2015).…”