Investigation into the dynamics of wheel spray released from a rotating tyre of a simplified vehicle model

Kabanovs, Anton; Garmory, Andrew; Passmore, Martin A.; Gaylard, Adrian

doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2018.11.024

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The turbulent flow in the wake of large obstacles can nicely be visualised by the inhomogeneous distribution of aerosol particles (Kabanovs et al. 2019). A topical application is the highly inhomogeneous distribution of aerosol particles resulting when coughing without a mask (Chong et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The turbulent flow in the wake of large obstacles can nicely be visualised by the inhomogeneous distribution of aerosol particles (Kabanovs et al 2019). A topical application is the highly inhomogeneous distribution of aerosol particles resulting when coughing without a mask (Chong et al 2021), and the implications of this distribution on the spreading of infections (Memoli et al 2015;Pujadas et al 2020), such as coronavirus (Morawska & Cao 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caustics in turbulent aerosols: an excitable system approach

Barta

Vollmer²

2022

J. Fluid Mech.

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Aerosol particles are inertial particles. They cannot follow the surrounding fluid in a region of high vorticity. These encounters render the particle velocity field ${{\boldsymbol {v}}}$ locally compressible. Caustics occur if the trace of the gradient matrix $\textsf{$\boldsymbol{\sigma}$}$ of the field ${{\boldsymbol {v}}}$ locally diverges. For three-dimensional isotropic and homogeneous turbulence, the dynamics of the gradient matrix can be expressed in terms of three geometric invariants. In the present paper we establish a parametrisation of this problem where the dynamics takes the form of an excitable stochastic dynamical system with a three-dimensional phase space. The deterministic part of the dynamics is solved analytically. We show that the deterministic system has a globally attractive stable fixed point. Small noise induces excursions from the fixed point that typically relax straight back towards the fixed point. Caustics emerge as non-trivial return to a global fixed point when noise excites a trajectory across a stability threshold. The relaxation to the global fixed point will then involve at least one, and it may involve two or even three divergences of $\boldsymbol {Tr}\,\textsf{$\boldsymbol{\sigma}$}$ . Based on a combination of analytical insights and numerical analysis, we determine the rate of occurrence, duration and relative observation probability of caustic events in turbulent aerosols. Our analysis reveals that each approach towards a divergence proceeds along a straight line in the phase space of the dynamical system, which can help identify caustics. Moreover, there are infinite ways in which caustics can arise, namely whenever $\boldsymbol {Tr}\,\textsf{$\boldsymbol{\sigma}$}$ tends to $-\infty$ , so that no two caustics look the same.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caustics in turbulent aerosols: an excitable system approach

Barta

Vollmer²

2022

J. Fluid Mech.

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“…It can be expected that the most difficult conditions of motion in this area consider vibrations caused by the road irregularities [1], the contact between the wheels and the road in the case of a randomly uneven surface [15] and the impact of a wheel on a road border [16]. Another interesting approach may be considerations on aerodynamics of the wheels of a motor vehicle [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Road Irregularities on the Motion of a Motor Vehicle during Acceleration

Zalewski¹

2022

Communications

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In this paper the selected results concerning the analysis of the phenomena occurring between the road and the wheels of a motor vehicle have been presented. The analysis was prepared for the simulation of the acceleration maneuver with the 100% (full) throttle along the road with various conditions. The aim of this paper was to analyze whether both the full throttle and the road conditions may affect the forces occurring in the contact area between the wheels of the vehicle and the road, regarding the road conditions and the rear wheel drive of the analyzed vehicle’s model.

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Robust Local and Cooperative Perception Under Varying Environmental Conditions

Gamerdinger,

Volk,

Teufel

et al. 2024

Cooperatively Interacting Vehicles

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Robust perception of the environment under a variety of ambient conditions is crucial for autonomous driving. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) achieve high accuracy for vision-based object detection, but are strongly affected by adverse weather conditions such as rain, snow, and fog, as well as soiled sensors. We propose physically correct simulations of these conditions for vision-based systems, since publicly available data sets lack scenarios with different environmental conditions. In addition, we provide a data set of real images containing adverse weather for evaluation. By training CNNs with augmented data, we achieve a significant improvement in robustness for object detection. Furthermore, we present the advantages of cooperative perception to compensate for limited sensor ranges of local perception. A key aspect of autonomous driving is safety; therefore, a robustness evaluation of the perception system is necessary, which requires an appropriate safety metric. In contrast to existing approaches, our safety metric focuses on scene semantics and the relevance of surrounding objects. The performance of our approaches is evaluated using real-world data as well as augmented and virtual reality scenarios.

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Investigation into the dynamics of wheel spray released from a rotating tyre of a simplified vehicle model

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Caustics in turbulent aerosols: an excitable system approach

Caustics in turbulent aerosols: an excitable system approach

The Impact of Road Irregularities on the Motion of a Motor Vehicle during Acceleration

Robust Local and Cooperative Perception Under Varying Environmental Conditions

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