Investigation into atmospheric deposition through precipitation studies at New Delhi (India)

Chemistry of Monsoon and Post-Monsoon Rains at a High Altitude Location, Sinhagad, India

“…Rainwater samples were collected by using standard rain collection gadgets; i.e., (Parashar et al, 1996).…”

“…Systematic observations on the chemical composition of precipitation has been carried out for several years in Europe and North America (Rodhe et al, 2002) but such studies are limited in the rest of the world, especially under non-urban conditions in the tropical region (Granat et al, 1996;Whelpdale et al, 1996;Norman et al, 2001;Rodhe et al, 2002 (Khemani et al, 1989;Rao, 1997;Pillai et al, 2001;Safai et al, 2004;Momin et al, 2005) and the Indo-Swedish collaboration on atmospheric chemistry (Parashar et al, 1996;Granat et al, 2001;Norman et al, 2001;Kulshrestha et al, 1996;Satsangi et al, 1998;Srinivas et al, 1999;Jain et al, 2000;Kumar et al, 2002;Kulshrestha et al, 2003). These studies have generally highlighted the alkaline nature of rainwater in India, possibly due to the contribution of soil-derived particles in the atmosphere, which are found to buffer its acidity during a below cloud scavenging process.…”

Influence of soil on groundwater geochemistry in a carbonate aquifer, southern Italy

“…Taking into consideration the relative abundance of Ca 2+ and HCO 3 -in rainwater, the observed alkalinity is probably due to carbonate dust particles in the atmosphere that buffers the acidity of rainwater (e.g., Kulshrestha et al, 1996;Herut et al, 2000;Kulshrestha et al, 2003). Conversely, the acid rain is due to higher concentrations of strong acids that constitute major products of atmospheric pollution of anthropogenic origin (e.g., Herut et al, 2000;de Mello, 2001;Migliavacca et al, 2005;Golobočanin et al, 2008) …”

A Critical Review of Natural Gas Flares-Induced Secondary Air Pollutants

“…Wind blown which is a function of the meteorology of the host area and alkaline soil dust influenced by soil structure and composition are important in neutralizing this acidity of the emissions. In addition, rain acidity attributed to SO 4 2-can be neutralized by NH 4 + and Ca with the neutralizing factors (NF) determined as (Kulshrestha et al, 1996): Ozone is formed by the gas-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide catalyzed by hydrogen oxide and nitrogen oxide radicals (Jacob, 2000) in the troposphere. In addition to the active participation of NO and NO 2 in acid rain formation is the limiting factor characteristic they display in ozone production (Plummer et al, 1996) where VOCs and CO are oxidized.…”