Investigation into an outbreak of encephalomyelitis caused by a neuroinvasive porcine sapelovirus in the United Kingdom

Schock, A.; Gurrala, R.; Fuller, H.H. Cavendish; Foyle, Leo; Dauber, Malte; Martelli, Francesca; Scholes, S. F. E.; Roberts, Lisa O.; Steinbach, Falko; Dastjerdi, Akbar

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.06.001

Cited by 63 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Contrary to our data, a recent study has reported that neuroinvasive English SV-A strain replication in the spinal cord could lead to severe adaptive immune responses (non-suppurative polioencephalomyelitis) without causing lesions in other tissues (Schock et al , 2014). This English SV-A strain (G5) is phylogenetically closer to the English V13 strain than to other SV-A strains circulating recently in Korea and China (Schock et al , 2014; Son et al , 2014a). The molecular basis involved in the differences in virulence and tropism among SV-A strains remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Although previous studies have indicated that SV-A can cause enteritis, pneumonia, polioencephalomyelitis and reproductive disorders (Alexandersen et al , 2012; Huang et al , 1980; Lamont & Betts, 1960; Lan et al , 2011; Schock et al , 2014; Sibalin, 1963), the pathogenicity and/or host range restriction of SV-A have been poorly characterized. In the current study, the most significant lesions were found in the intestines during the early infection period, where severe villous atrophy was found to be associated with high viral RNA loads in the faecal samples and strong SV-A antigen reactivity in the intestinal epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional explanation for discordance in tropism may be variation in the age of animals used in studies. The English SV-A study used adult pigs (Schock et al , 2014), whereas this study used neonatal piglets. Further studies are required to examine the predilections of age and inoculation routes, as well as antigenic and genomic differences, so that our understanding of variations in SV-A pathogenesis and/or host range restriction can be improved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The symptomatic disorders include diarrhoea, pneumonia, polioencephalomyelitis and reproductive disorders (Alexandersen et al , 2012; Huang et al , 1980; Lamont & Betts, 1960; Lan et al , 2011; Schock et al , 2014; Sibalin, 1963). Experimental studies have demonstrated a diverse range of clinical symptoms (Lamont & Betts, 1960; Lan et al , 2011; Sibalin, 1963; Yamanouchi et al , 1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenesis of Korean Sapelovirus A in piglets and chicks

Kim

Kang

Son

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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Sapelovirus A (SV-A), formerly known as porcine sapelovirus as a member of a new genus Sapelovirus, is known to cause enteritis, pneumonia, polioencephalomyelitis and reproductive disorders in pigs. We have recently identified α2,3-linked sialic acid on GD1a ganglioside as a functional SV-A receptor rich in the cells of pigs and chickens. However, the role of GD1a in viral pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that a Korean SV-A strain could induce diarrhoea and intestinal pathology in piglets but not in chicks. Moreover, this Korean SV-A strain had mild extra-intestinal tropisms appearing as mild, non-suppurative myelitis, encephalitis and pneumonia in piglets, but not in chicks. By real-time reverse transcription (RT) PCR, higher viral RNA levels were detected in faecal samples than in sera or extra-intestinal organs from virus-inoculated piglets. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that high viral antigens were detected in the epithelial cells of intestines from virus-inoculated piglets but not from chicks. This Korean SV-A strain could bind the cultured cell lines originated from various species, but replication occurred only in cells of porcine origin. These data indicated that this Korean SV-A strain could replicate and induce pathology in piglets but not in chicks, suggesting that additional porcine-specific factors are required for virus entry and replication. In addition, this Korean SV-A strain is enteropathogenic, but could spread to the bloodstream from the gut and disseminate to extra-intestinal organs and tissues. These results will contribute to our understanding of SV-A pathogenesis so that efficient anti-sapelovirus drugs and vaccines could be developed in the future.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenesis of Korean Sapelovirus A in piglets and chicks

Kim

Kang

Son

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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“…A number of research teams have used pyrosequencing with more success. For example, a porcine sapelovirus (family Picornaviridae) was recently discovered by UK scientists associated with a neurologic disease in 3-4-week-old pigs (Schock et al 2014), and the fecal virome has been compared in diarrheic and nondiarrhea piglets to identify viruses of potential clinical and zoonotic importance (Shan et al 2011). For discovery or characterization of potential bacterial and parasitic pathogens, universal PCR remains a robust and widely available methodology.…”

Section: Pathogen Discoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics, animal models, and emerging diseases: relevance to One Health and food security

Harding

2015

Genome

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The One Health concept is a worldwide strategy for expanding interdisciplinary collaborations and communications in all aspects of health care for humans, animals, and the environment (Kahn 2015). But what does this really mean and how does One Health relate to how health care professionals, veterinarians, and researchers respond to emerging infectious diseases in human and livestock populations? The purpose of this presentation is to place One Health in context with a number of current and historic scenarios and will highlight how animal disease researchers working with the Canadian pork industry are using animal models and 'omic technologies to protect food security, improve food safety, and investigate emerging diseases for the mutual benefit of animal and public health.

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